K. Aki, Space and time spectra of stationary stochastic waves, with special reference to microtremors, Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst, vol.35, pp.411-451, 1957.

L. Auer, L. Boschi, T. Becker, T. Nissen-meyer, and D. Giardini, : A variable resolution whole-mantle model of anisotropic shear velocity variations based on multiple data sets, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.209, issue.4, pp.3006-3034, 2014.
DOI : 10.1126/science.290.5498.1910

V. Babuska and M. Cara, Seismic anisotropy in the Earth, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-011-3600-6

N. Béthoux, C. Sue, A. Paul, J. Virieux, J. Fréchet et al., Local tomography and focal mechanisms in the south-western alps: comparison of methods and tectonic implications, Tectonophysics, vol.432, issue.1, pp.1-19, 2007.

M. Beyreuther, R. Barsch, L. Krischer, T. Megies, Y. Behr et al., ObsPy: A Python Toolbox for Seismology, Seismological Research Letters, vol.81, issue.3, pp.81530-533, 2010.
DOI : 10.1785/gssrl.81.3.530

F. Bleibinhaus and H. Gebrande, Crustal structure of the Eastern Alps along the TRANSALP profile from wide-angle seismic tomography, Tectonophysics, vol.414, issue.1-4, pp.51-69, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2005.10.028

C. Bois and E. S. Party, Major geodynamic processes studied from the ECORS deep Seismic profiles in France and adjacent areas, Tectonophysics, vol.173, issue.1-4, pp.1-4397, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0040-1951(90)90233-X

L. Boschi, Global multiresolution models of surface wave propagation: comparing equivalently regularized Born and ray theoretical solutions, Geophysical Journal International, vol.163, issue.1, pp.238-252, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1982.tb04921.x

L. Boschi and A. M. Dziewonski, High- and low-resolution images of the Earth's mantle: Implications of different approaches to tomographic modeling, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.66, issue.45, pp.10425567-25594, 1978.
DOI : 10.1016/0031-9201(91)90075-S

R. Bousquet, B. Goffé, P. Henry, X. Le-pichon, C. et al., Kinematic, thermal and petrological model of the Central Alps: Lepontine metamorphism in the upper crust and eclogitisation of the lower crust, Tectonophysics, vol.273, issue.1-2, pp.105-127, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00290-9

E. Carminati and C. Doglioni, Alps vs. Apennines: The paradigm of a tectonically asymmetric Earth, Earth-Science Reviews, vol.112, issue.1-2, pp.67-96, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.02.004

A. Castellarin, R. Nicolich, R. Fantoni, L. Cantelli, M. Sella et al., Structure of the lithosphere beneath the Eastern Alps (southern sector of the TRANSALP transect), Tectonophysics, vol.414, issue.1-4, pp.414259-282, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2005.10.013

C. Nazionale-delle-ricerche, Structural model of Italy, 1:500.000, 1983.

T. Diehl, S. Husen, E. Kissling, and N. Deichmann, -wave model of the Alpine crust, Geophysical Journal International, vol.135, issue.10, pp.1133-1147, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-015-9536-0_5

A. M. Dziewonski and D. L. Anderson, Preliminary reference earth model. Physics of the earth and planetary interiors, pp.297-356, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0031-9201(81)90046-7

E. , T. E. , -. D. Hirm, A. Nadir, S. Thouvenot et al., Mapping the Moho of the Western Alps by wide-angle reflection seismics, Tectonophysics, vol.162, pp.3-4193, 1989.

G. Ekström, A global model of Love and Rayleigh surface wave dispersion and anisotropy, 25-250???s, Geophysical Journal International, vol.163, issue.3, pp.1668-1686, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02780.x

G. Ekström, G. A. Abers, W. , and S. C. , Determination of surface-wave phase velocities across USArray from noise and Aki's spectral formulation, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.166, issue.18, p.36, 2009.
DOI : 10.1029/2009GL039131

C. Faccenna, T. W. Becker, L. Auer, A. Billi, L. Boschi et al., Mantle dynamics in the Mediterranean, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.5, issue.3, pp.283-332, 2014.
DOI : 10.1038/ngeo1501
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01003796

B. Fry, F. Deschamps, E. Kissling, L. Stehly, and D. Giardini, Layered azimuthal anisotropy of Rayleigh wave phase velocities in the European Alpine lithosphere inferred from ambient noise, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.297, issue.1-2, pp.95-102, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.06.008
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00730550

W. H. Geissler, F. Sodoudi, and R. Kind, Thickness of the central and eastern European lithosphere as seen by S receiver functions, Geophysical Journal International, vol.181, issue.2, pp.604-634, 2010.

G. Giacomuzzi, C. Chiarabba, D. Gori, and P. , Linking the Alps and Apennines subduction systems: New constraints revealed by high-resolution teleseismic tomography, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.301, issue.3-4, pp.531-543, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.11.033

G. Giacomuzzi, M. Civalleri, P. De-gori, C. , and C. , A 3D Vs model of the upper mantle beneath Italy: Insight on the geodynamics of central Mediterranean, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.335, issue.336, pp.105-120, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.05.004

S. Goes, R. Govers, and P. Vacher, wave tomography, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.117, issue.B5, pp.11153-11169, 2000.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1994.tb02463.x

M. R. Handy, S. M. Schmid, R. Bousquet, E. Kissling, and D. Bernoulli, Reconciling plate-tectonic reconstructions of Alpine Tethys with the geological???geophysical record of spreading and subduction in the Alps, Earth-Science Reviews, vol.102, issue.3-4, pp.121-158, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.06.002

M. R. Handy, K. Ustaszewski, and E. Kissling, Reconstructing the Alps???Carpathians???Dinarides as a key to understanding switches in subduction polarity, slab gaps and surface motion, International Journal of Earth Sciences, vol.182, issue.1, pp.1-26, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/0040-1951(90)90349-D

A. Hirn, B. Damotte, G. Torreilles, and E. S. Party, Crustal reflection seismics: the contributions of oblique, low frequency and shear wave illuminations, Geophysical Journal International, vol.13, issue.1, pp.287-296, 1987.
DOI : 10.1038/307025a0

E. D. Kästle, R. Soomro, C. Weemstra, L. Boschi, M. et al., Two-receiver measurements of phase velocity: cross-validation of ambient-noise and earthquake-based observations, Geophysical Journal International, vol.94, issue.45, pp.1493-1512, 2016.
DOI : 10.1029/2005JB003677

E. Kissling, Three-dimensional gravity model of the northern Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Geomagnetic and Gravimetric Studies of the Ivrea Zone: Matér. Géol. Suisse. Géophys, pp.55-61, 1984.

E. Kissling, Deep structure and tectonics of the Valaisand the rest of the Alps, Bulletin fuer Angewandte Geologie, vol.13, issue.2, pp.3-10, 2008.

A. Köhler, C. Weidle, and V. Maupin, Crustal and uppermost mantle structure of southern Norway: results from surface wave analysis of ambient seismic noise and earthquake data, Geophysical Journal International, vol.173, issue.1, pp.1441-1456, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03696.x

I. Koulakov, M. Kaban, M. Tesauro, C. , and S. , -velocity anomalies in the upper mantle beneath Europe from tomographic inversion of ISC data, Geophysical Journal International, vol.15, issue.2002, pp.345-366, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/B978-0-444-89912-5.50007-7

R. L. Kovach, Seismic surface waves and crustal and upper mantle structure, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.25, issue.2, pp.1-13, 1978.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1977.tb03706.x

J. Kummerow, R. Kind, O. Oncken, P. Giese, T. Ryberg et al., A natural and controlled source seismic profile through the Eastern Alps: TRANSALP. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, pp.115-129, 2004.

C. Legendre, T. Meier, S. Lebedev, W. Friederich, and L. Viereck-götte, A shear wave velocity model of the European upper mantle from automated inversion of seismic shear and surface waveforms, Geophysical Journal International, vol.117, issue.3, pp.282-304, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1994.tb02463.x

C. Li, R. D. Van-der-hilst, E. R. Engdahl, and S. Burdick, A new global model for P wave speed variations in Earth's mantle, 2008.

F. Lin, M. P. Moschetti, and M. H. Ritzwoller, Surface wave tomography of the western United States from ambient seismic noise: Rayleigh and Love wave phase velocity maps, Geophysical Journal International, vol.166, issue.2, pp.281-298, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03720.x

R. Lippitsch, E. Kissling, and J. And-ansorge, Upper mantle structure beneath the Alpine orogen from high-resolution teleseismic tomography, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.20, issue.1, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-009-2857-2_8

D. Lombardi, J. Braunmiller, E. Kissling, and D. Giardini, Moho depth and Poisson's ratio in the Western-Central Alps from receiver functions, Geophysical Journal International, vol.30, issue.24, pp.249-264, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-66403-8_42

T. Meier, K. Dietrich, B. Stöckhert, and H. Harjes, One-dimensional models of shear wave velocity for the eastern Mediterranean obtained from the inversion of Rayleigh wave phase velocities and tectonic implications, Geophysical Journal International, vol.2, issue.No. 1, pp.45-58, 2004.
DOI : 10.1029/GM121p0277

T. Meier, R. Soomro, L. Viereck, S. Lebedev, J. H. Behrmann et al., Mesozoic and Cenozoic evolution of the Central European lithosphere, Tectonophysics, vol.692, pp.58-73, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2016.09.016

U. Mitterbauer, M. Behm, E. Brückl, R. Lippitsch, A. Guterch et al., Shape and origin of the East-Alpine slab constrained by the ALPASS teleseismic model, Tectonophysics, vol.510, issue.1-2, pp.510195-206, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2011.07.001

I. Molinari, A. Argnani, A. Morelli, and P. Basini, Development and Testing of a 3D Seismic Velocity Model of the Po Plain Sedimentary Basin, Italy, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, vol.105, issue.2A, pp.105753-764, 2015.
DOI : 10.1785/0120140204

E. Muyzert and R. Snieder, An alternative parameterisation for surface waves in a transverse isotropic medium, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, vol.118, issue.1-2, pp.125-133, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-9201(99)00138-7

T. Oeberseder, M. Behm, I. Kovács, and G. Falus, A seismic discontinuity in the upper mantle between the Eastern Alps and the Western Carpathians: Constraints from wide angle reflections and geological implications, Tectonophysics, vol.504, issue.1-4, pp.122-134, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2011.03.009

C. C. Paige and M. A. Saunders, LSQR: An Algorithm for Sparse Linear Equations and Sparse Least Squares, ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, vol.8, issue.1, pp.43-71, 1982.
DOI : 10.1145/355984.355989

O. Pfiffner, . Blundell, . Dj, R. Freeman, . Mueller et al., S: A continent revealed: The European Geotraverse, structure and dynamic evolution, 1992.

O. Pfiffner, P. Lehner, P. Heitzmann, S. Mueller, and A. Steck, Deep structure of the Swiss Alps, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-0348-9098-4

C. Piromallo and A. Morelli, P wave tomography of the mantle under the alpine-mediterranean area, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.108, issue.B2, 2003.

F. Roure, P. Choukroune, and R. Polino, Deep seismic reflection data and new insights on the bulk geometry of mountain ranges, Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série 2. Sciences de la terre et des planètes, pp.345-359, 1996.

M. Sambridge, Geophysical inversion with a neighbourhood algorithm-II. Appraising the ensemble, Geophysical Journal International, vol.74, issue.3, pp.727-746, 1999.
DOI : 10.1029/JB074i012p03171

Y. Sato, Analysis of Dispersed Surface Waves by means of Fourier Transform I, 1955.

S. Schmid and E. Kissling, The arc of the western Alps in the light of geophysical data on deep crustal structure, Tectonics, vol.242, issue.1, pp.62-85, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/0040-1951(94)00209-R

C. Seiberlich, J. Ritter, and B. Wawerzinek, Topography of the lithosphere???asthenosphere boundary below the Upper Rhine Graben Rift and the volcanic Eifel region, Central Europe, Tectonophysics, vol.603, pp.222-236, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2013.05.034

W. Shen, M. H. Ritzwoller, and V. Schulte-pelkum, A 3-D model of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the Central and Western US by joint inversion of receiver functions and surface wave dispersion, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.431, issue.B12, pp.262-276, 2013.
DOI : 10.1038/nature02847

J. Singer, T. Diehl, S. Husen, E. Kissling, and T. Duretz, Alpine lithosphere slab rollback causing lower crustal seismicity in northern foreland, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.397, pp.42-56, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.002

R. Soomro, C. Weidle, L. Cristiano, S. Lebedev, T. Meier et al., Phase velocities of Rayleigh and Love waves in central and northern Europe from automated, broad-band, interstation measurements, Geophysical Journal International, vol.113, issue.B12, pp.517-534, 2016.
DOI : 10.1038/ngeo1501

M. Spada, I. Bianchi, E. Kissling, N. P. Agostinetti, and S. Wiemer, Combining controlled-source seismology and receiver function information to derive 3-D Moho topography for Italy, Geophysical Journal International, vol.105, issue.B2, pp.1050-1068, 2013.
DOI : 10.1029/1999JB900322

W. Spakman and R. Wortel, A tomographic view on western Mediterranean geodynamics. In The TRANSMED atlas. The Mediterranean region from crust to mantle, pp.31-52, 2004.

G. M. Stampfli and G. Borel, A plate tectonic model for the Paleozoic and Mesozoic constrained by dynamic plate boundaries and restored synthetic oceanic isochrons, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.196, issue.1-2, pp.17-33, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00588-X

L. Stehly, B. Fry, M. Campillo, N. Shapiro, J. Guilbert et al., Tomography of the Alpine region from observations of seismic ambient noise, Geophysical Journal International, vol.166, issue.13, pp.338-350, 2009.
DOI : 10.1029/2004JB003521
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00447974

F. Thouvenot, A. Paul, J. Frechet, N. Béthoux, L. Jenatton et al., Are there really superposed Mohos in the southwestern Alps? New seismic data from fan-profiling reflections, Geophysical Journal International, vol.32, issue.19, pp.1180-1194, 2007.
DOI : 10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XXVI.5.875

. Transalp-working-group, H. Gebrande, E. Lüschen, M. Bopp, F. Bleibinhaus et al., First deep seismic reflection images of the Eastern Alps reveal giant crustal wedges and transcrustal ramps, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.82, issue.453, p.29, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00206-5

J. Verbeke, L. Boschi, L. Stehly, E. Kissling, and A. Michelini, High-resolution Rayleigh-wave velocity maps of central Europe from a dense ambient-noise data set, Geophysical Journal International, vol.173, issue.1, pp.1173-1187, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03696.x
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01484477

G. Vignaroli, C. Faccenna, L. Jolivet, C. Piromallo, R. et al., Subduction polarity reversal at the junction between the Western Alps and the Northern Apennines, Italy, Tectonophysics, vol.450, issue.1-4, pp.34-50, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2007.12.012
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00442089

K. M. Ward, G. Zandt, S. L. Beck, L. S. Wagner, and H. Tavera, Lithospheric structure beneath the northern Central Andean Plateau from the joint inversion of ambient noise and earthquakegenerated surface waves, J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth, issue.11, pp.1218217-8238, 2016.

M. Wathelet, Array recordings of ambient vibrations: surface-wave inversion, p.161, 2005.

M. Wathelet, An improved neighborhood algorithm: Parameter conditions and dynamic scaling, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.2, issue.24, 2008.
DOI : 10.3997/1873-0604.2004018
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00335912

P. Wessel and W. H. Smith, The Generic Mapping Tools, 2001.

M. Wortel and W. Spakman, Subduction and Slab Detachment in the Mediterranean-Carpathian Region, Science, vol.290, issue.5498, pp.2901910-1917, 2000.
DOI : 10.1126/science.290.5498.1910

Y. Yang, A. Li, and M. H. Ritzwoller, Crustal and uppermost mantle structure in southern Africa revealed from ambient noise and teleseismic tomography, Geophysical Journal International, vol.374, issue.2, pp.235-248, 2008.
DOI : 10.1029/2006JB004403

Y. Yang, M. H. Ritzwoller, F. Lin, M. Moschetti, and N. M. Shapiro, Structure of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the western United States revealed by ambient noise and earthquake tomography, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.158, issue.2, p.113, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-84031-9

L. Zhao, A. Paul, S. Guillot, S. Solarino, M. G. Malusà et al., First seismic evidence for continental subduction beneath the Western Alps, Geology, vol.43, issue.9, pp.43815-818, 2015.
DOI : 10.1130/G36833.1

L. Zhao, A. Paul, M. G. Malusà, X. Xu, T. Zheng et al., wave tomography, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.43, issue.1, 2016.
DOI : 10.1130/G36833.1

L. Zhou, J. Xie, W. Shen, Y. Zheng, Y. Yang et al., The structure of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath South China from ambient noise and earthquake tomography, Geophysical Journal International, vol.326, issue.5B, pp.1565-1583, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00120-7

H. Zhu, E. Bozda?-g, D. Peter, and J. Tromp, Structure of the European upper mantle revealed by adjoint tomography, Nature Geoscience, vol.185, issue.7, pp.493-498, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.04966.x

P. Ziegler, M. Schumacher, P. Van-wees, J. , C. et al., Post-Variscan evolution of the lithosphere in the Rhine Graben area: constraints from subsidence modelling, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, vol.223, issue.1, pp.289-317, 2004.
DOI : 10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.223.01.13

R. Babuska, V. Cara, and M. , Seismic anisotropy in the Earth, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-011-3600-6

F. Blanckenburg and J. H. Davies, Slab breakoff: A model for syncollisional magmatism and tectonics in the Alps, Tectonics, vol.117, issue.43, pp.120-131, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00286841

E. Brückl, Lithospheric Structure and Tectonics of the Eastern Alps ??? Evidence from New Seismic Data, 2011.
DOI : 10.5772/14364

B. Dando, G. Stuart, G. Houseman, E. Hegedüs, E. Brückl et al., Teleseismic tomography of the mantle in the Carpathian-Pannonian region of central Europe, Geophysical Journal International, vol.134, issue.47, pp.11-31, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-9201(02)00155-3

A. M. Dziewonski and D. L. Anderson, Preliminary reference earth model. Physics of the earth and planetary interiors, pp.297-356, 1981.

Y. Hua, D. Zhao, and Y. Xu, wave anisotropic tomography of the Alps, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.201, issue.1, 2017.
DOI : 10.1093/gji/ggu492

E. D. Kästle, A. El-sharkawy, L. Boschi, T. Meier, C. Rosenberg et al., Surface-wave tomography of the alps using ambient-noise and earthquake phasevelocity measurements, 2017.

T. Korbar, Orogenic evolution of the External Dinarides in the NE Adriatic region: a model constrained by tectonostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous to Paleogene carbonates, Earth-Science Reviews, vol.96, issue.4, pp.296-312, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.07.004

J. Kummerow, R. Kind, O. Oncken, P. Giese, T. Ryberg et al., A natural and controlled source seismic profile through the Eastern Alps: TRANSALP. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, pp.115-129, 2004.

C. Nussbaum, Neogene tectonics and thermal maturity of sediments of the easternmost southern Alps (Friuli area, Italy), 2000.

C. Piromallo and A. Morelli, P wave tomography of the mantle under the alpine-mediterranean area, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.108, issue.B2, 2003.

E. Qorbani, I. Bianchi, and G. Bokelmann, Slab detachment under the Eastern Alps seen by seismic anisotropy. Earth and planetary science letters, pp.96-108, 2015.

S. M. Schmid, D. Bernoulli, B. Fügenschuh, L. Matenco, S. Schefer et al., The Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaridic orogenic system: correlation and evolution of tectonic units, Swiss Journal of Geosciences, vol.101, issue.1, pp.139-183, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s00015-008-1247-3

S. M. Schmid, B. Fügenschuh, E. Kissling, and R. Schuster, Tectonic map and overall architecture of the Alpine orogen, Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, vol.97, issue.1, pp.93-117, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00015-004-1113-x

S. M. Schmid, E. Kissling, T. Diehl, D. J. Van-hinsbergen, M. et al., Ivrea mantle wedge, arc of the Western Alps, and kinematic evolution of the Alps???Apennines orogenic system, Swiss Journal of Geosciences, vol.182, issue.173, pp.1-32, 2017.
DOI : 10.1016/0040-1951(90)90349-D

G. Schönborn, Balancing cross sections with kinematic constraints: The Dolomites (northern Italy), Tectonics, vol.22, issue.2, pp.527-545, 1999.
DOI : 10.1029/SC006

W. Spakman and R. Wortel, A tomographic view on western Mediterranean geodynamics. In The TRANSMED atlas. The Mediterranean region from crust to mantle, pp.31-52, 2004.

K. Ustaszewski, S. M. Schmid, B. Fügenschuh, M. Tischler, E. Kissling et al., A map-view restoration of the Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaridic system for the Early Miocene, Orogenic Processes in the Alpine Collision Zone, pp.273-294, 2008.

P. Wessel and W. H. Smith, The Generic Mapping Tools, 2001.

M. Wortel and W. Spakman, Subduction and Slab Detachment in the Mediterranean-Carpathian Region, Science, vol.290, issue.5498, pp.2901910-1917, 2000.
DOI : 10.1126/science.290.5498.1910

L. Zhao, A. Paul, M. G. Malusà, X. Xu, T. Zheng et al., wave tomography, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.43, issue.1, 2016.
DOI : 10.1130/G36833.1

K. Aki, Space and time spectra of stationary stochastic waves, with special reference to microtremors, Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst, vol.35, pp.411-451, 1957.

F. Ardhuin, L. Gualtieri, and E. Stutzmann, How ocean waves rock the Earth: Two mechanisms explain microseisms with periods 3 to 300???s, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.101, issue.1, pp.765-772, 2015.
DOI : 10.1029/96JB00104
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01150652

F. Ardhuin and T. H. Herbers, Noise generation in the solid Earth, oceans and atmosphere, from nonlinear interacting surface gravity waves in finite depth, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.21, pp.316-348, 2013.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1991)021<1740:WWNOAT>2.0.CO;2
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00711326

M. Behm, E. Brückl, W. Chwatal, and H. Thybo, Application of stacking and inversion techniques to three-dimensional wide-angle reflection and refraction seismic data of the Eastern Alps, Geophysical Journal International, vol.26, issue.1, pp.275-298, 2007.
DOI : 10.1190/1.9781560801580

G. Bensen, M. Ritzwoller, and N. M. Shapiro, Broadband ambient noise surface wave tomography across the United States, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.149, issue.2, p.113, 2008.
DOI : 10.1029/2004EO230001
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01288534

F. Blanckenburg and J. H. Davies, Slab breakoff: A model for syncollisional magmatism and tectonics in the Alps, Tectonics, vol.117, issue.43, pp.120-131, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00286841

B. Bleibinhaus, F. Gebrande, and H. , Crustal structure of the Eastern Alps along the TRANSALP profile from wide-angle seismic tomography, Tectonophysics, vol.414, issue.1-4, pp.51-69, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2005.10.028

L. Boschi and C. Weemstra, Stationary-phase integrals in the cross correlation of ambient noise, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.485, issue.2, pp.411-451, 2015.
DOI : 10.1086/304468
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01172710

E. Brückl, Lithospheric Structure and Tectonics of the Eastern Alps ??? Evidence from New Seismic Data, 2011.
DOI : 10.5772/14364

E. Brückl, F. Bleibinhaus, A. Gosar, M. Grad, A. Guterch et al., Crustal structure due to collisional and escape tectonics in the Eastern Alps region based on profiles Alp01 and Alp02 from the ALP 2002 seismic experiment, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.44, issue.1, p.112, 2007.
DOI : 10.5474/geologija.2001.012

B. Br¨uckl, E. Hammerl, and C. , Eduard suess' conception of the Alpine orogeny related to geophysical data and models, Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol.107, issue.1, 2014.

M. Campillo and A. Paul, Long-Range Correlations in the Diffuse Seismic Coda, Science, vol.299, issue.5606, pp.299547-549, 2003.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1078551
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00107924

M. Campillo, P. Roux, B. Romanowicz, and A. Dziewonski, Seismic imaging and monitoring with ambient noise correlations, Treatise on Geophysics, pp.256-271, 2014.

F. Capitanio and S. Goes, Mesozoic spreading kinematics: consequences for Cenozoic Central and Western Mediterranean subduction, Geophysical Journal International, vol.254, issue.3, pp.804-816, 2006.
DOI : 10.3809/jvirtex.2002.00058
URL : https://academic.oup.com/gji/article-pdf/165/3/804/5969994/165-3-804.pdf

E. Carminati and C. Doglioni, Alps vs. Apennines: The paradigm of a tectonically asymmetric Earth, Earth-Science Reviews, vol.112, issue.1-2, pp.67-96, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.02.004

J. Channell and F. Horvath, The African/Adriatic promontory as a palaeogeographical premise for alpine orogeny and plate movements in the Carpatho-Balkan region, Tectonophysics, vol.35, issue.1-3, pp.1-371, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/0040-1951(76)90030-5

T. Diehl, S. Husen, E. Kissling, and N. Deichmann, -wave model of the Alpine crust, Geophysical Journal International, vol.135, issue.10, pp.1133-1147, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-015-9536-0_5

A. M. Dziewonski and D. L. Anderson, Preliminary reference earth model. Physics of the earth and planetary interiors, pp.297-356, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0031-9201(81)90046-7

E. , T. E. , -. D. Hirm, A. Nadir, S. Thouvenot et al., Mapping the Moho of the Western Alps by wide-angle reflection seismics, Tectonophysics, vol.162, pp.3-4193, 1989.

G. Ekström, Love and Rayleigh phase-velocity maps, 5???40 s, of the western and central USA from USArray data, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.402, pp.42-49, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.11.022

A. Friedrich, F. Krüger, and K. Klinge, Ocean-generated microseismic noise located with the Gräfenberg array, Journal of Seismology, vol.2, issue.1, pp.47-64, 1998.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1009788904007

S. Bibliography-goes, R. Govers, and P. Vacher, wave tomography, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.117, issue.B5, pp.11153-11169, 2000.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1994.tb02463.x

M. Grad and T. Tiira, The Moho depth map of the European Plate, Geophysical Journal International, vol.167, issue.24, pp.279-292, 2009.
DOI : 10.1130/2007.1200(17)

M. M. Haney, T. D. Mikesell, K. Van-wijk, and H. Nakahara, Extension of the spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) method to mixed-component correlations of surface waves, Geophysical Journal International, vol.179, issue.1-2, pp.189-206, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.11.001

K. Hasselmann, A statistical analysis of the generation of microseisms, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.2, issue.2, pp.177-210, 1963.
DOI : 10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60092-8

R. Haubrich, W. Munk, and F. Snodgrass, Comparative spectra of microseisms and swell, pp.27-37, 1963.

Y. Hua, D. Zhao, and Y. Xu, wave anisotropic tomography of the Alps, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.201, issue.1, 2017.
DOI : 10.1093/gji/ggu492

S. Kufner, B. Schurr, C. Sippl, X. Yuan, L. Ratschbacher et al., Deep India meets deep Asia: Lithospheric indentation, delamination and break-off under Pamir and Hindu Kush (Central Asia), Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.435, pp.171-184, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.11.046

J. Kummerow, R. Kind, O. Oncken, P. Giese, T. Ryberg et al., A natural and controlled source seismic profile through the Eastern Alps: TRANSALP. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, pp.115-129, 2004.

H. Li, F. Bernardi, and A. Michelini, Surface wave dispersion measurements from ambient seismic noise analysis in Italy, Geophysical Journal International, vol.173, issue.2, pp.1242-1252, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4612-2202-6

M. S. Longuet-higgins, A Theory of the Origin of Microseisms, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.243, issue.857, pp.1-35, 1950.
DOI : 10.1098/rsta.1950.0012

E. Lüschen, B. Lammerer, H. Gebrande, K. Millahn, R. Nicolich et al., Orogenic structure of the Eastern Alps, Europe, from TRANSALP deep seismic reflection profiling, Tectonophysics, vol.388, issue.1-4, pp.85-102, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2004.07.024

G. Mandl and A. Ondrejicková, ¨ Uber eine triadische Tiefwasserfazies (Radiolarite , Tonschiefer) in den Nördlichen Kalkalpen ? ein Vorbericht, Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, vol.134, issue.2, pp.309-318, 1991.

B. Meier, T. Soomro, R. Viereck, L. Lebedev, S. Behrmann et al., Mesozoic and Cenozoic evolution of the Central European lithosphere, Tectonophysics, vol.692, pp.58-73, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2016.09.016

A. Miche, Mouvements ondulatoires de la mer en profondeur croissante ou décroissante. forme limite de la houle lors de son déferlement. application aux digues maritimes.deuxì eme partie, 1944.

I. Molinari and A. Morelli, EPcrust: a reference crustal model for the European Plate, Geophysical Journal International, vol.346, issue.1-2, pp.352-364, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/S0040-1951(01)00225-6

J. Nocquet and E. Calais, Geodetic measurements of crustal deformation in the Western Mediterranean and Europe, Geodynamics of Azores-Tunisia, pp.661-681, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00407336

C. Nussbaum, Neogene tectonics and thermal maturity of sediments of the easternmost southern Alps (Friuli area, Italy), 2000.

O. Pfiffner, P. Lehner, P. Heitzmann, S. Mueller, and A. Steck, Deep structure of the Swiss Alps, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-0348-9098-4

C. Piromallo and A. Morelli, P wave tomography of the mantle under the alpine-mediterranean area, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.108, issue.B2, 2003.

P. Poli, M. Campillo, H. Pedersen, and L. W. Group, Body-Wave Imaging of Earth's Mantle Discontinuities from Ambient Seismic Noise, Science, vol.71, issue.4, pp.3381063-1065, 2012.
DOI : 10.1029/2006GC001339

E. Qorbani, I. Bianchi, and G. Bokelmann, Slab detachment under the Eastern Alps seen by seismic anisotropy. Earth and planetary science letters, pp.96-108, 2015.

Y. Ren, G. Stuart, G. Houseman, B. Dando, C. Ionescu et al., Upper mantle structures beneath the Carpathian???Pannonian region: Implications for the geodynamics of continental collision, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.349, issue.350, pp.139-152, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.06.037

L. A. Savostin, J. Sibuet, L. P. Zonenshain, X. Le-pichon, and M. Roulet, Kinematic evolution of the Tethys belt from the Atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the Triassic, Tectonophysics, vol.123, issue.1-4, pp.1-41, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0040-1951(86)90192-7

J. Schaefer, L. Boschi, T. Becker, and E. Kissling, Radial anisotropy in the European mantle: Tomographic studies explored in terms of mantle flow, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.105, issue.41, p.38, 2011.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JB900003

G. Schönborn, Balancing cross sections with kinematic constraints: The Dolomites (northern Italy), Tectonics, vol.22, issue.2, pp.527-545, 1999.
DOI : 10.1029/SC006

B. Shen, W. Ritzwoller, M. H. Schulte-pelkum, and V. , A 3-D model of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the Central and Western US by joint inversion of receiver functions and surface wave dispersion, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.431, issue.B12, pp.262-276, 2013.
DOI : 10.1038/nature02847

W. Spakman and R. Wortel, A tomographic view on western Mediterranean geodynamics. In The TRANSMED atlas. The Mediterranean region from crust to mantle, pp.31-52, 2004.

M. Thöni, C. Miller, J. Blichert-toft, M. Whitehouse, J. Konzett et al., Timing of high-pressure metamorphism and exhumation of the eclogite type-locality (Kupplerbrunn???Prickler Halt, Saualpe, south-eastern Austria): constraints from correlations of the Sm???Nd, Lu???Hf, U???Pb and Rb???Sr isotopic systems, Journal of Metamorphic Geology, vol.148, issue.5, pp.561-581, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s00410-004-0617-8

J. Traer and P. Gerstoft, A unified theory of microseisms and hum, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.37, issue.6, pp.3317-3339, 2014.
DOI : 10.1029/2010GL044288

V. C. Tsai, On establishing the accuracy of noise tomography travel-time measurements in a realistic medium, Geophysical Journal International, vol.158, issue.53, pp.1555-1564, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04239.x

K. Ustaszewski, S. M. Schmid, B. Fügenschuh, M. Tischler, E. Kissling et al., A map-view restoration of the Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaridic system Bibliography for the Early Miocene, Orogenic Processes in the Alpine Collision Zone, pp.273-294, 2008.

K. Ustaszewski, Y. Wu, J. Suppe, H. Huang, C. Chang et al., Crust???mantle boundaries in the Taiwan???Luzon arc-continent collision system determined from local earthquake tomography and 1D models: Implications for the mode of subduction polarity reversal, Tectonophysics, vol.578, pp.31-49, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2011.12.029

F. Waldhauser, E. Kissling, J. Ansorge, and S. Mueller, Three-dimensional interface modelling with two-dimensional seismic data: the Alpine crust-mantle boundary, Geophysical Journal International, vol.135, issue.1, pp.264-278, 1998.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1991.tb03446.x

K. Wapenaar, E. Slob, R. Snieder, C. , and A. , Tutorial on seismic interferometry: Part 2 ??? Underlying theory and new advances, GEOPHYSICS, vol.27, issue.1, pp.7575-211, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04329.x

R. Weaver, B. Froment, and M. Campillo, On the correlation of non-isotropically distributed ballistic scalar diffuse waves, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.126, issue.4, pp.1817-1826, 2009.
DOI : 10.1121/1.3203359
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00499309

M. Wortel and W. Spakman, Subduction and Slab Detachment in the Mediterranean-Carpathian Region, Science, vol.290, issue.5498, pp.2901910-1917, 2000.
DOI : 10.1126/science.290.5498.1910

J. Xie, Y. Yang, and S. Ni, On the accuracy of long-period Rayleigh waves extracted from ambient noise, Geophysical Journal International, vol.9, issue.2, pp.48-55, 2016.
DOI : 10.1785/0120100118

Y. Yang and M. H. Ritzwoller, Characteristics of ambient seismic noise as a source for surface wave tomography, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, vol.166, issue.2, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03028.x

B. Yao, H. Van-der-hilst, and R. D. , Analysis of ambient noise energy distribution and phase velocity bias in ambient noise tomography, with application to SE Tibet, Geophysical Journal International, vol.9, issue.3, pp.1113-1132, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04329.x

H. Yao, R. D. Van-der-hilst, and V. Maarten, Surface-wave array tomography in SE Tibet from ambient seismic noise and two-station analysis - I. Phase velocity maps, Geophysical Journal International, vol.158, issue.2, pp.732-744, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1984.tb05047.x

L. Zhao, A. Paul, M. G. Malusà, X. Xu, T. Zheng et al., wave tomography, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.43, issue.1, 2016.
DOI : 10.1130/G36833.1