Observational estimate of the partial covering probability of quasar emission regions by distant H₂ absorption clouds

V. V. Klimenko , P. Petitjean (1) , A. V. Ivanchik

1 IAP - Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris

We have searched high spectral resolution spectra of quasars known to exhibit high redshift (z > 1.7) intervening H₂-bearing damped Lyman-α (DLA) systems for partial coverage of the quasar emission by intervening H₂ clouds. Partial coverage manifests itself by the presence of non-zero residual flux in the core of saturated H₂ absorption lines. The residual flux can be observed either only at the bottom of absorption lines redshifted on top of quasar emission lines, in which case part of the broad line region (BLR) is not covered, or in all absorption lines, in case some continuum source is not covered. Among 35 H₂ absorption clouds in 14 quasar spectra obtained with the VLT-UVES or Keck-HIRES spectrographs, we detect partial coverage of the BLR for 13 clouds. This result suggests that the probability of partial coverage of the QSO BLR by a distant H₂ absorption cloud is about 40 per cent. For four systems towards Q 0013-0029, Q 0405-4418, Q 0812+3208, and J 2100-0641, partial coverage is detected for the first time. We determine the theoretical probability of partial coverage of the BLR by a distant H₂ cloud as a function of the ratio between the cloud and the BLR sizes. Using this model, we obtain an estimate of the characteristic BLR radius of 50⁺¹⁹_-23 light days. This is similar to the estimate of the BLR size obtained by reverberation-mapping analysis ∼100 light days.

Mots clés: ISM: clouds; ISM: molecules; quasars: absorption lines; cosmology: observations

Domaines: Planète et Univers [physics]

V. V. Klimenko, P. Petitjean, A. V. Ivanchik. Observational estimate of the partial covering probability of quasar emission regions by distant H₂ absorption clouds. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2020, 493, pp.5743-5760. ⟨10.1093/mnras/staa614⟩. ⟨insu-03748061⟩