Divergent Causes of Terrestrial Water Storage Decline Between Drylands and Humid Regions Globally

Linli An , Jida Wang , Jianping Huang , Yadu Pokhrel , Romain Hugonnet (1) , Yoshihide Wada , Denise Cáceres , Hannes Müller Schmied , Chunqiao Song , Etienne Berthier (1) , Haipeng Yu , Guolong Zhang

1 LEGOS - Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales

Declines in terrestrial water storage (TWS) exacerbate regional water scarcity and global sea level rise. Increasing evidence has shown that recent TWS declines are substantial in ecologically fragile drylands, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, by synergizing satellite observations and model simulations, we quantitatively attribute TWS trends during 2002-2016 in major climate zones to three mechanistic drivers: climate variability, climate change, and direct human activities. We reveal that climate variability had transitory and limited impacts (<20%), whereas warming-induced glacier loss and direct human activities dominate the TWS loss in humid regions (∼103%) and drylands (∼64%), respectively. In non-glacierized humid areas, climate variability generated regional water gains that offset synchronous TWS declines. Yet in drylands, TWS losses are enduring and more widespread with direct human activities, particularly unsustainable groundwater abstraction. Our findings highlight the substantive human footprints on the already vulnerable arid regions and an imperative need for improved dryland water conservation.

Keywords: terrestrial water storage; global drylands; quantitative attribution; climate variability; climate change; direct human activities

Domains: Sciences of the Universe [physics]; Earth Sciences

Linli An, Jida Wang, Jianping Huang, Yadu Pokhrel, Romain Hugonnet, et al.. Divergent Causes of Terrestrial Water Storage Decline Between Drylands and Humid Regions Globally. Geophysical Research Letters, 2021, 48, ⟨10.1029/2021GL095035⟩. ⟨insu-03671319⟩