Journal articles

In situ recording of Mars soundscape

S. Maurice ^{1, *} B. Chide ^{2, *} N. Murdoch ³ R. Lorenz ⁴ D. Mimoun ³ R. C. Wiens ^{2, 5} A. Stott ³ X. Jacob ⁶ T. Bertrand ⁷ Franck Montmessin ⁸ N. Lanza ² C. Alvarez-Llamas ⁹ S. Angel ¹⁰ M. Aung ¹¹ J. Balaram ¹¹ O. Beyssac ¹² A. Cousin ¹ G. Delory ¹³ O. Forni ¹ T. Fouchet ⁷ O. Gasnault ¹ H. Grip ¹¹ M. Hecht ¹⁴ J. Hoffman ¹⁵ J. Laserna ⁹ Jérémie Lasue ¹ J. Maki ¹¹ J. Mcclean ¹⁴ P.-Y. Meslin ¹ S. Le Mouélic ¹⁶ A. Munguira ¹⁷ C. E. Newman ¹⁸ J. A. Rodríguez Manfredi ¹⁹ J. Moros ⁹ A. Ollila ² P. Pilleri ¹ S. Schröder ²⁰ M. de La Torre Juárez ¹¹ T. Tzanetos ¹¹ K. M. Stack ¹¹ K. Farley ¹¹ K. Williford ^{11, 21} T. Acosta-Maeda ²² R. B. Anderson ²³ D. M. Applin ²⁴ G. Arana ²⁵ M. Bassas-Portus ³ R. Beal ² P. Beck ²⁶ K. Benzerara ¹² S. Bernard ¹² P. Bernardi ⁷ T. Bosak ²⁷ B. Bousquet ²⁸ A. Brown ²⁹ A. Cadu ³ P. Caïs ³⁰ K. Castro ²⁵ E. Clavé ²⁸ S. Clegg ² E. Cloutis ²⁴ S. Connell ²⁴ A. Debus ³¹ E. Dehouck ³² D. Delapp ² C. Donny ³¹ A. Dorresoundiram ⁷ G. Dromart ³² B. Dubois ³³ C. Fabre ³⁴ A. Fau ¹ W. Fischer ³⁵ R. Francis ¹¹ J. Frydenvang ³⁶ T. Gabriel ²³ E. Gibbons ³⁷ I. Gontijo ¹¹ J. R. Johnson ⁴ H. Kalucha ³⁵ E. Kelly ²² Elise Wright Knutsen ⁸ Gaetan Lacombe ⁸ C. Legett ² R. Leveille ³⁷ E. Lewin ²⁶ G. Lopez-Reyes ³⁸ E. Lorigny ³¹ J. M. Madariaga ²⁵ M. Madsen ³⁹ S. Madsen ¹¹ L. Mandon ⁷ N. Mangold ¹⁶ M. Mann ³¹ J.-A. Manrique ^{1, 38} J. Martinez-Frias ⁴⁰ L. E. Mayhew ⁴¹ T. Mcconnochie ⁴² S. M. Mclennan ⁴³ N. Melikechi ⁴⁴ F. Meunier ³¹ G. Montagnac ³² V. Mousset ³¹ T. Nelson ² R. Newell ² Y. Parot ¹ C. Pilorget ^{45, 46} P. Pinet ¹ G. Pont ³¹ F. Poulet ⁴⁵ C. Quantin-Nataf ³² B. Quertier ³⁰ W. Rapin ¹ A. Reyes-Newell ² S. Robinson ² L. Rochas ³¹ C. Royer ⁷ F. Rull ³⁸ V. Sautter ¹² S. Sharma ²² V. Shridar ¹¹ A. Sournac ³ M. Toplis ¹ I. Torre-Fdez ²⁵ N. Turenne ²⁴ A. Udry ⁴⁷ M. Veneranda ³⁸ D. Venhaus ² D. Vogt ²⁰ P. Willis ¹¹

* Corresponding author

1 IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie

2 LANL - Los Alamos National Laboratory

3 ISAE-SUPAERO - Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace

4 APL - Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD]

5 EAPS - Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences [West Lafayette]

6 IMFT - Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse

7 LESIA (UMR_8109) - Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique

8 PLANETO - LATMOS

LATMOS - Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales

9 Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga]

10 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry [Columbia, South Carolina]

11 JPL - Jet Propulsion Laboratory

12 IMPMC - Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie

13 Heliospace Corporation

14 MIT Haystack Observatory

15 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics [Cambridge]

16 LPG - Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112]

17 Escuela de Ingeniería de Bilbao

18 Aeolis Corporation

19 CAB - Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid]

20 DLR Institute of Optical Sensor Systems

21 BMSIS - Blue Marble Space Institute of Science

22 UHM - University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa]

23 US Geological Survey [Flagstaff]

24 University of Winnipeg

25 UPV/EHU - University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea

26 IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble

27 EAPS - Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge]

28 CELIA - Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications

29 Plancius Research LLC

30 LAB - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac]

31 CNES - Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse]

32 LGL-TPE - Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon]

33 OMP - Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées

34 GeoRessources

35 CALTECH - California Institute of Technology

36 UCPH - University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet

37 McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]

38 UVa - Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid]

39 ITU - IT University of Copenhagen

40 CSIC - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid]

41 Department of Geological Sciences [Boulder]

42 University of Maryland [College Park]

43 SBU - Stony Brook University [SUNY]

44 Department of Physics and Applied Physics [Lowell]

45 IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale

46 IUF - Institut Universitaire de France

47 WGU Nevada - University of Nevada [Las Vegas]

Abstract : Before the Perseverance rover landing, the acoustic environment of Mars was unknown. Models predicted that: (1) atmospheric turbulence changes at centimetre scales or smaller at the point where molecular viscosity converts kinetic energy into heat1, (2) the speed of sound varies at the surface with frequency2,3 and (3) high-frequency waves are strongly attenuated with distance in CO2 (refs. 2,3,4). However, theoretical models were uncertain because of a lack of experimental data at low pressure and the difficulty to characterize turbulence or attenuation in a closed environment. Here, using Perseverance microphone recordings, we present the first characterization of the acoustic environment on Mars and pressure fluctuations in the audible range and beyond, from 20 Hz to 50 kHz. We find that atmospheric sounds extend measurements of pressure variations down to 1,000 times smaller scales than ever observed before, showing a dissipative regime extending over five orders of magnitude in energy. Using point sources of sound (Ingenuity rotorcraft, laser-induced sparks), we highlight two distinct values for the speed of sound that are about 10 m s−1 apart below and above 240 Hz, a unique characteristic of low-pressure CO2-dominated atmosphere. We also provide the acoustic attenuation with distance above 2 kHz, allowing us to explain the large contribution of the CO2 vibrational relaxation in the audible range. These results establish a ground truth for the modelling of acoustic processes, which is critical for studies in atmospheres such as those of Mars and Venus.

Keywords : Mars Microphone Atmospheric Turbulence Acoustic Environment Modélisation Atmospheric Sound Perseverance CO2 Attenuation Carbon dioxide

Document type :

Journal articles

Domain :

Sciences of the Universe [physics]

Complete list of metadata

https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03631328
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Submitted on : Saturday, June 25, 2022 - 5:42:30 PM
Last modification on : Friday, August 19, 2022 - 9:20:29 AM