The diel cycle of NH₃ observed from the FY‐4A Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS)

Abstract : Limiting excess atmospheric ammonia (NH3) is one of the great challenges for humanity in the 21th century, but can only be achieved with adequate monitoring means in place. Here, we report the first NH3 measurements from the Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) onboard the Chinese FY-4A satellite. The instrument scans almost all of Asia ten times per day. We show that GIIRS’ unprecedented temporal sampling can be exploited to measure diurnal and nocturnal variations of NH3 and demonstrate this on two case studies over Punjab and the North China Plain. Day–night variations are found to be almost absent in winter, but can reach a factor 2–3 in the warmer months. These case studies are very promising given the future landscape of geostationary sounders, but also show that improved knowledge on lower tropospheric air temperatures and the vertical profile of NH3 is key to better exploit their measurements.