Including fossils in phylogeny: A glimpse into the evolution of the superfamily Evanioidea (Hymenoptera, Apocrita) under tip-dating and the fossilized birth-death process
Abstract
Using a fossilized birth-death model, a new phylogeny of the superfamily Evanioidea (including ensign wasps, nightshade wasps or hatchet wasps) is proposed with estimates of divergence times for its constitutive families, also corroborating the monophyly of Evanioidea. Additionally, our Bayesian analyses demonstrate the monophyly of †Anomopterellidae, †Othniodellithidae, †An-dreneliidae, Aulacidae, Gasteruptiidae, and Evaniidae, while the †Praeaulacidae and †Baissidae ap-pear to be paraphyletic lineages. Vectevaniavetula and Hyptiogastriteselectrinus are transferred in the Aulacidae. We estimate the divergence of Evanioidea in the Late Triassic (~203 Ma). Addition-ally, three new othniodellithid wasps are described and figured from mid-Cretaceous Burmese am-ber as Keradellithabasilici Jouault, Maréchal, Wang & Perrichot, gen. et sp. nov., Keradellithaanubis Jouault, Maréchal, Wang & Perrichot, sp. nov., and Keradellithakirina Maréchal, Jouault & Perrichot sp. nov. We also document a temporal shift, in relative specific richness, between Ich-neumonoidea and Evanioidea.
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