Measuring Air Pollutant Concentrations and Fluxes

Benjamin Loubet; Dominique Baisnée; Mathieu Cazaunau; Audrey Fortems-Cheiney; Raluca Ciuraru; Cathy Clerbaux; Jean-François Doussin; Gaëlle Dufour; Cristian Focsa; Christian George; Valérie Gros; Mélynda Hassouna; Jean-Luc Jaffrezo; Julien Kammer; Patricia Laville; Abdelwahid Mellouki; Maurice Millet; Denis Petitprez; Etienne Quivet; Nathalie Redon; Roland Sarda-Esteve; Stéphane Sauvage; Gaëlle Uzu; Éric Villenave; Nora Zannoni

doi:10.1007/978-94-024-2058-6_6

Book sections

Measuring Air Pollutant Concentrations and Fluxes

Benjamin Loubet ¹ Dominique Baisnée ^{2, 3} Mathieu Cazaunau ⁴ Audrey Fortems-Cheiney ⁴ Raluca Ciuraru ¹ Cathy Clerbaux ⁵ Jean-François Doussin ⁴ Gaëlle Dufour ⁴ Cristian Focsa ⁶ Christian George ⁷ Valérie Gros ^{2, 3} Mélynda Hassouna ⁸ Jean-Luc Jaffrezo ⁹ Julien Kammer ¹ Patricia Laville ¹ Abdelwahid Mellouki ¹⁰ Maurice Millet ¹¹ Denis Petitprez ¹² Etienne Quivet ¹³ Nathalie Redon ¹⁴ Roland Sarda-Esteve ^{2, 3} Stéphane Sauvage ¹⁴ Gaëlle Uzu ⁹ Éric Villenave ¹⁵ Nora Zannoni ²

1 ECOSYS - Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes

2 LSCE - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette]

3 CAE - Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale

LSCE - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] : DRF/LSCE

4 LISA (UMR_7583) - Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques

5 TROPO - LATMOS

LATMOS - Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales

6 PhLAM - Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523

7 IRCELYON - Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon

8 INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement

9 IGE - Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement

10 ICARE - Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement

11 ICPEES - Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé

12 LPCA - Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère

13 LCE - Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement

14 IMT Lille Douai - Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai

15 EPOC - Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques

Abstract : Estimating agriculture’s contribution to air pollution and global warming is needed to understand and limit its impacts on the environment and climate. It is equally important to estimate the capacity of agricultural practices to mitigate these emissions and to characterize atmospheric deposition and the impacts of air pollutants on agroecosystems. This chapter presents methods for measuring air pollutant concentrations, their fluxes at the soil-vegetation-atmosphere interface, and emissions from livestock facilities. Methods for measuring air concentrations are described with a focus on compounds emitted from or impacting agriculture (including forests): ammonia, nitrogen oxides, pesticides, volatile organic compounds including methane, abiotic and biotic particles, and ozone. The main methods for measuring emission and deposition fluxes of air pollutants between terrestrial surfaces, especially agroecosystems, and the atmosphere are described with a specific focus on the eddy covariance method as well as on emissions from livestock buildings. Then the general principles of source apportionment methods for estimating emissions spatial variability are presented. To address the questions on atmospheric chemistry, the methods used for measuring the reactivity of atmospheric compounds are presented. Finally, an insight is given on the developments of measurement methodologies to address new compounds and improve the sensors’ sensitivity and response time as well as provide estimates of spatial variability of concentrations and fluxes at larger scales.

Keywords : Emission Deposition Reactivity NH3 Pesticides VOCs Particles O3 Concentration

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Book sections

Domain :

Environmental Sciences

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Measuring Air Pollutant Concentrations and Fluxes

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Measuring Air Pollutant Concentrations and Fluxes

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