The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the NASA Mars 2020 Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests

Roger C. Wiens (1) , Sylvestre Maurice (2) , Scott H. Robinson (1) , Anthony E. Nelson (1) , Philippe Cais (3) , Pernelle Bernardi (4) , Raymond T. Newell (1) , Sam Clegg (1) , Shiv Sharma (5) , Steven Storms (1) , Jonathan Deming (1) , Darrel Beckman (1) , Ann M. Ollila (1) , Olivier Gasnault (2) , Ryan B. Anderson (6) , Yves André (7) , S. Michael Angel (8) , Gorka Arana (9) , Elizabeth Auden (1) , Pierre Beck (10) , Joseph Becker (1) , Karim Benzerara (11) , Sylvain Bernard (11) , Olivier Beyssac (11) , Louis Borges (1) , Bruno Bousquet (12) , Kerry Boyd (1) , Michael Caffrey (1) , Jeffrey Carlson (13) , Kepa Castro (9) , Jorden Celis (1) , Baptiste Chide (2, 14) , Kevin Clark (13) , Edward Cloutis (15) , Elizabeth Cordoba (13) , Agnes Cousin (2) , Magdalena Dale (1) , Lauren Deflores (13) , Dorothea Delapp (1) , Muriel Deleuze (7) , Matthew Dirmyer (1) , Christophe Donny (7) , Gilles Dromart (16) , M. George Duran (1) , Miles Egan (5) , Joan Ervin (13) , Cécile Fabre (17) , Amaury Fau (11) , Woodward Fischer (18) , Olivier Forni (2) , Soren Madsen (13) , Thierry Fouchet (4) , Reuben Fresquez (1) , Jens Frydenvang (19) , Denine Gasway (1) , Ivair Gontijo (13) , Nicolas Mangold (20) , John Grotzinger (18) , Xavier Jacob (21) , Sophie Jacquinod (4) , Jeffrey Johnson (22) , Roberta A. Klisiewicz (1) , Jose Antonio Manrique (23) , James Lake (1) , Nina Lanza (1) , Javier Laserna (24) , Jérémie Lasue (2) , Stéphane Le Mouélic (20) , J. P. Martinez (1) , Carey Legett Iv (1) , Richard Leveille (25) , Eric Lewin (10) , Guillermo Lopez-Reyes (23) , Ralph Lorenz (22) , Jesus Martinez-Frias (26) , Eric Lorigny (7) , Steven P. Love (1) , Briana Lucero (1) , Juan Manuel Madariaga (9) , Morten Madsen (13) , Kevin P. Mccabe (1) , Timothy Mcconnochie (27) , Justin M. Mcglown (1) , Scott Mclennan (28) , Noureddine Melikechi (29) , Pierre-Yves Meslin (2) , John M. Michel (1) , David Mimoun (14) , Anupam Misra (5) , Gilles Montagnac (16) , Franck Montmessin (30) , Valerie Mousset (7) , Naomi Murdoch (14) , Horton Newsom (31) , Logan A. Ott (1) , Zachary Ousnamer (13) , Laurent Pares (2) , Yann Parot (2) , Rafal Pawluczyk , C. Glen Peterson (1) , Paolo Pilleri (2) , Patrick Pinet (2) , Gabriel Pont (7) , François Poulet (32) , Cheryl Provost (33) , Benjamin Quertier (3) , Heather Quinn (1) , William Rapin (11) , Jean-Michel Reess (4) , Amy H. Regan (1) , Adriana L. Reyes-Newell (1) , Philip Romano (13) , Clément Royer (32) , Fernando Rull (23) , Benigno Sandoval (1) , Joseph H. Sarrao (1) , Violaine Sautter (11) , Marcel Schoppers (13) , Susanne Schröder (34) , Daniel Seitz (1) , Terra Shepherd (1) , Pablo Sobron (35) , Bruno Dubois (36) , Vishnu Sridhar (13) , Michael Toplis (2) , Imanol Torre-Fdez (9) , Ian Trettel (13) , Mark Underwood (13) , Andres Valdez (1) , Jacob Valdez (1) , Dawn Venhaus (1) , Peter Willis (13)

1 LANL - Los Alamos National Laboratory
2 IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie
3 LAB - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac]
4 LESIA (UMR_8109) - Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique
5 UHM - University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa]
6 Astrogeology Science Center [Flagstaff]
7 CNES - Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse]
8 University of South Carolina [Columbia]
9 UPV/EHU - Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne]
10 IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
11 IMPMC - Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie
12 CELIA - Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications
13 JPL - Jet Propulsion Laboratory
14 ISAE-SUPAERO - Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace
15 University of Winnipeg
16 LGL-TPE - Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon]
17 GeoRessources
18 CALTECH - California Institute of Technology
19 UCPH - University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet
20 LPG - Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112]
21 IMFT - Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse
22 APL - Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD]
23 UVa - Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid]
24 Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga]
25 McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]
26 CSIC - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid]
27 University of Maryland [College Park]
28 SUNY - State University of New York
29 UMass Lowell - University of Massachusetts [Lowell]
30 PLANETO - LATMOS
31 The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque]
32 IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale
33 FTO - FiberTech Optica
34 In­sti­tut für Op­ti­sche Sen­sor­sys­te­me
35 SETI Institute
36 OMP - Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées

TheSuperCaminstrumentsuiteprovidestheMars2020rover,Perseverance,with a number of versatile remote-sensing techniques that can be used at long distance as well as within the robotic-arm workspace. These include laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), remote time-resolved Raman and luminescence spectroscopies, and visible and in- frared (VISIR; separately referred to as VIS and IR) reflectance spectroscopy. A remote micro-imager (RMI) provides high-resolution color context imaging, and a microphone can be used as a stand-alone tool for environmental studies or to determine physical properties of rocks and soils from shock waves of laser-produced plasmas. SuperCam is built in three parts: The mast unit (MU), consisting of the laser, telescope, RMI, IR spectrometer, and associated electronics, is described in a companion paper. The on-board calibration targets are described in another companion paper. Here we describe SuperCam’s body unit (BU) and testing of the integrated instrument. The BU, mounted inside the rover body, receives light from the MU via a 5.8 m opti- cal fiber. The light is split into three wavelength bands by a demultiplexer, and is routed via fiber bundles to three optical spectrometers, two of which (UV and violet; 245–340 and 385–465 nm) are crossed Czerny-Turner reflection spectrometers, nearly identical to their counterparts on ChemCam. The third is a high-efficiency transmission spectrometer contain- ing an optical intensifier capable of gating exposures to 100 ns or longer, with variable delay times relative to the laser pulse. This spectrometer covers 535–853 nm (105–7070 cm−1 Ra- man shift relative to the 532 nm green laser beam) with 12 cm−1 full-width at half-maximum peak resolution in the Raman fingerprint region. The BU electronics boards interface with the rover and control the instrument, returning data to the rover. Thermal systems maintain a warm temperature during cruise to Mars to avoid contamination on the optics, and cool the detectors during operations on Mars. Results obtained with the integrated instrument demonstrate its capabilities for LIBS, for which a library of 332 standards was developed. Examples of Raman and VISIR spec- troscopy are shown, demonstrating clear mineral identification with both techniques. Lumi- nescence spectra demonstrate the utility of having both spectral and temporal dimensions. Finally, RMI and microphone tests on the rover demonstrate the capabilities of these sub- systems as well.

Keywords: Perseverance rover; LIBS; Raman spectroscopy; Infrared spectroscopy; Microphone on Mars; SuperCam; Jezero crater; Mars

Domains: Sciences of the Universe [physics]

Roger C. Wiens, Sylvestre Maurice, Scott H. Robinson, Anthony E. Nelson, Philippe Cais, et al.. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the NASA Mars 2020 Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests. Space Science Reviews, 2021, 217 (1), pp.4. ⟨10.1007/s11214-020-00777-5⟩. ⟨insu-03088041⟩