The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the NASA Mars 2020 Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests

Roger Wiens; Sylvestre Maurice; Scott Robinson; Anthony Nelson; Philippe Cais; Pernelle Bernardi; Raymond Newell; Sam Clegg; Shiv Sharma; Steven Storms; Jonathan Deming; Darrel Beckman; Ann Ollila; Olivier Gasnault; Ryan Anderson; Yves André; S. Michael Angel; Gorka Arana; Elizabeth Auden; Pierre Beck; Joseph Becker; Karim Benzerara; Sylvain Bernard; Olivier Beyssac; Louis Borges; Bruno Bousquet; Kerry Boyd; Michael Caffrey; Jeffrey Carlson; Kepa Castro; Jorden Celis; Baptiste Chide; Kevin Clark; Edward Cloutis; Elizabeth Cordoba; Agnes Cousin; Magdalena Dale; Lauren Deflores; Dorothea Delapp; Muriel Deleuze; Matthew Dirmyer; Christophe Donny; Gilles Dromart; M. George Duran; Miles Egan; Joan Ervin; Cécile Fabre; Amaury Fau; Woodward Fischer; Olivier Forni; Thierry Fouchet; Reuben Fresquez; Jens Frydenvang; Denine Gasway; Ivair Gontijo; John Grotzinger; Xavier Jacob; Sophie Jacquinod; Jeffrey Johnson; Roberta Klisiewicz; James Lake; Nina Lanza; Javier Laserna; Jeremie Lasue; Stéphane Le Mouélic; Carey Legett Iv; Richard Leveille; Eric Lewin; Guillermo Lopez-Reyes; Ralph Lorenz; Eric Lorigny; Steven Love; Briana Lucero; Juan Manuel Madariaga; Morten Madsen; Soren Madsen; Nicolas Mangold; Jose Antonio Manrique; J. P. Martinez; Jesus Martinez-Frias; Kevin Mccabe; Timothy Mcconnochie; Justin Mcglown; Scott Mclennan; Noureddine Melikechi; Pierre-Yves Meslin; John Michel; David Mimoun; Anupam Misra; Gilles Montagnac; Franck Montmessin; Valerie Mousset; Naomi Murdoch; Horton Newsom; Logan Ott; Zachary Ousnamer; Laurent Pares; Yann Parot; Rafal Pawluczyk; C. Glen Peterson; Paolo Pilleri; Patrick Pinet; Gabriel Pont; François Poulet; Cheryl Provost; Benjamin Quertier; Heather Quinn; William Rapin; Jean-Michel Reess; Amy Regan; Adriana Reyes-Newell; Philip Romano; Clément Royer; Fernando Rull; Benigno Sandoval; Joseph Sarrao; Violaine Sautter; Marcel Schoppers; Susanne Schröder; Daniel Seitz; Terra Shepherd; Pablo Sobron; Bruno Dubois; Vishnu Sridhar; Michael Toplis; Imanol Torre-Fdez; Ian Trettel; Mark Underwood; Andres Valdez; Jacob Valdez; Dawn Venhaus; Peter Willis

doi:10.1007/s11214-020-00777-5

Journal articles

The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the NASA Mars 2020 Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests

Roger Wiens ¹ Sylvestre Maurice ² Scott Robinson ¹ Anthony Nelson ¹ Philippe Cais ³ Pernelle Bernardi ⁴ Raymond Newell ¹ Sam Clegg ¹ Shiv Sharma ⁵ Steven Storms ¹ Jonathan Deming ¹ Darrel Beckman ¹ Ann Ollila ¹ Olivier Gasnault ² Ryan Anderson ⁶ Yves André ⁷ S. Michael Angel ⁸ Gorka Arana ⁹ Elizabeth Auden ¹ Pierre Beck ¹⁰ Joseph Becker ¹ Karim Benzerara ¹¹ Sylvain Bernard ¹¹ Olivier Beyssac ¹¹ Louis Borges ¹ Bruno Bousquet ¹² Kerry Boyd ¹ Michael Caffrey ¹ Jeffrey Carlson ¹³ Kepa Castro ⁹ Jorden Celis ¹ Baptiste Chide ^{2, 14} Kevin Clark ¹³ Edward Cloutis ¹⁵ Elizabeth Cordoba ¹³ Agnes Cousin ² Magdalena Dale ¹ Lauren Deflores ¹³ Dorothea Delapp ¹ Muriel Deleuze ⁷ Matthew Dirmyer ¹ Christophe Donny ⁷ Gilles Dromart ¹⁶ M. George Duran ¹ Miles Egan ⁵ Joan Ervin ¹³ Cécile Fabre ¹⁷ Amaury Fau ¹¹ Woodward Fischer ¹⁸ Olivier Forni ² Thierry Fouchet ⁴ Reuben Fresquez ¹ Jens Frydenvang ¹⁹ Denine Gasway ¹ Ivair Gontijo ¹³ John Grotzinger ¹⁸ Xavier Jacob ²⁰ Sophie Jacquinod ⁴ Jeffrey Johnson ²¹ Roberta Klisiewicz ¹ James Lake ¹ Nina Lanza ¹ Javier Laserna ²² Jeremie Lasue ² Stéphane Le Mouélic ²³ Carey Legett Iv ¹ Richard Leveille ²⁴ Eric Lewin ¹⁰ Guillermo Lopez-Reyes ²⁵ Ralph Lorenz ²¹ Eric Lorigny ⁷ Steven Love ¹ Briana Lucero ¹ Juan Manuel Madariaga ⁹ Morten Madsen ¹³ Soren Madsen ¹³ Nicolas Mangold ²³ Jose Antonio Manrique ²⁵ J. P. Martinez ¹ Jesus Martinez-Frias ²⁶ Kevin Mccabe ¹ Timothy Mcconnochie ²⁷ Justin Mcglown ¹ Scott Mclennan ²⁸ Noureddine Melikechi ²⁹ Pierre-Yves Meslin ² John Michel ¹ David Mimoun ¹⁴ Anupam Misra ⁵ Gilles Montagnac ¹⁶ Franck Montmessin ³⁰ Valerie Mousset ⁷ Naomi Murdoch ¹⁴ Horton Newsom ³¹ Logan Ott ¹ Zachary Ousnamer ¹³ Laurent Pares ² Yann Parot ² Rafal Pawluczyk C. Glen Peterson ¹ Paolo Pilleri ² Patrick Pinet ² Gabriel Pont ⁷ François Poulet ³² Cheryl Provost ³³ Benjamin Quertier ³ Heather Quinn ¹ William Rapin ¹¹ Jean-Michel Reess ⁴ Amy Regan ¹ Adriana Reyes-Newell ¹ Philip Romano ¹³ Clément Royer ³² Fernando Rull ²⁵ Benigno Sandoval ¹ Joseph Sarrao ¹ Violaine Sautter ¹¹ Marcel Schoppers ¹³ Susanne Schröder ³⁴ Daniel Seitz ¹ Terra Shepherd ¹ Pablo Sobron ³⁵ Bruno Dubois ³⁶ Vishnu Sridhar ¹³ Michael Toplis ² Imanol Torre-Fdez ⁹ Ian Trettel ¹³ Mark Underwood ¹³ Andres Valdez ¹ Jacob Valdez ¹ Dawn Venhaus ¹ Peter Willis ¹³

1 LANL - Los Alamos National Laboratory

2 IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie

3 LAB - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac]

4 LESIA (UMR_8109) - Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique

5 UHM - University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa]

6 Astrogeology Science Center [Flagstaff]

7 CNES - Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse]

8 University of South Carolina [Columbia]

9 UPV/EHU - Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne]

10 IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble

11 IMPMC - Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie

12 CELIA - Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications

13 JPL - Jet Propulsion Laboratory

14 ISAE-SUPAERO - Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace

15 University of Winnipeg

16 LGL-TPE - Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon]

17 GeoRessources

18 CALTECH - California Institute of Technology

19 KU - University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet

20 IMFT - Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse

21 APL - Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD]

22 Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga]

23 LPG-ANGERS - Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique - Angers

LPG - Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112]

24 McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]

25 UVa - Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid]

26 CSIC - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid]

27 University of Maryland [College Park]

28 SUNY - State University of New York

29 UMass Lowell - University of Massachusetts [Lowell]

30 PLANETO - LATMOS

LATMOS - Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales

31 The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque]

32 IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale

33 FTO - FiberTech Optica

34 Institut für Optische Sensorsysteme

35 SETI Institute

36 OMP - Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées

Abstract : TheSuperCaminstrumentsuiteprovidestheMars2020rover,Perseverance,with a number of versatile remote-sensing techniques that can be used at long distance as well as within the robotic-arm workspace. These include laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), remote time-resolved Raman and luminescence spectroscopies, and visible and in- frared (VISIR; separately referred to as VIS and IR) reflectance spectroscopy. A remote micro-imager (RMI) provides high-resolution color context imaging, and a microphone can be used as a stand-alone tool for environmental studies or to determine physical properties of rocks and soils from shock waves of laser-produced plasmas. SuperCam is built in three parts: The mast unit (MU), consisting of the laser, telescope, RMI, IR spectrometer, and associated electronics, is described in a companion paper. The on-board calibration targets are described in another companion paper. Here we describe SuperCam’s body unit (BU) and testing of the integrated instrument. The BU, mounted inside the rover body, receives light from the MU via a 5.8 m opti- cal fiber. The light is split into three wavelength bands by a demultiplexer, and is routed via fiber bundles to three optical spectrometers, two of which (UV and violet; 245–340 and 385–465 nm) are crossed Czerny-Turner reflection spectrometers, nearly identical to their counterparts on ChemCam. The third is a high-efficiency transmission spectrometer contain- ing an optical intensifier capable of gating exposures to 100 ns or longer, with variable delay times relative to the laser pulse. This spectrometer covers 535–853 nm (105–7070 cm−1 Ra- man shift relative to the 532 nm green laser beam) with 12 cm−1 full-width at half-maximum peak resolution in the Raman fingerprint region. The BU electronics boards interface with the rover and control the instrument, returning data to the rover. Thermal systems maintain a warm temperature during cruise to Mars to avoid contamination on the optics, and cool the detectors during operations on Mars. Results obtained with the integrated instrument demonstrate its capabilities for LIBS, for which a library of 332 standards was developed. Examples of Raman and VISIR spec- troscopy are shown, demonstrating clear mineral identification with both techniques. Lumi- nescence spectra demonstrate the utility of having both spectral and temporal dimensions. Finally, RMI and microphone tests on the rover demonstrate the capabilities of these sub- systems as well.

Keywords : Perseverance rover LIBS Raman spectroscopy Infrared spectroscopy Microphone on Mars SuperCam Jezero crater Mars

Document type :

Journal articles

Domain :

Sciences of the Universe [physics]

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Submitted on : Thursday, December 24, 2020 - 6:46:15 PM
Last modification on : Thursday, July 1, 2021 - 4:46:25 PM

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