S. J. Bame, J. R. Asbridge, W. C. Feldman, J. T. Gosling, G. Paschmann et al., Deceleration of the solar wind upstream from the Earth's bow shock and the origin of diffuse upstream ions, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.85, issue.A6, p.2981, 1980.

S. Barabash, E. Dubinin, N. Pissarenko, R. Lundin, and C. T. Russell, Picked-up protons near Mars: Phobos observations, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.18, issue.10, pp.1805-1808, 1991.

T. Russell, Picked-up protons near Mars: Phobos observations, Geophys. Res. Lett, vol.18, p.1805, 1991.

S. Barabash and R. Lundin, Reflected ions near Mars: PHOBOS-2 observations, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.20, issue.9, pp.787-790, 1993.

J. W. Belcher and L. Davis, Large-amplitude Alfvén waves in the interplanetary medium, 2, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.76, issue.16, pp.3534-3563, 1971.

C. Bonifazi, G. Moreno, A. J. Lazarus, and J. D. Sullivan, Deceleration of the solar wind in the Earth's foreshock region: Isee 2 and Imp 8 observations, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.85, issue.A11, p.6031, 1980.

S. H. Brecht, Hybrid simulations of the magnetic topology of Mars, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.102, issue.A3, pp.4743-4750, 1997.

S. H. Brecht, Solar wind proton deposition into the Martian atmosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.102, issue.A6, pp.11287-11294, 1997.

J. W. Chamberlain, Planetary coronae and atmospheric evaporation, Planetary and Space Science, vol.11, issue.8, pp.901-960, 1963.

M. Delva, U. Nischelwitzer, and K. Schwingenschuh, Despinning and Tests of the MAGMA data in orbits around Mars, Report IWF 9.i07, Space Research Institute, 1994.

M. Delva and E. Dubinin, Upstream ULF fluctuations near Mars, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.103, issue.A1, pp.317-326, 1998.

E. Dubinin, D. Obod, A. Pedersen, and R. Grard, Mass-loading asymmetry in upstream region near Mars, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.21, issue.24, pp.2769-2772, 1994.

E. Dubinin, R. Lundin, and K. Schwingenschuh, Solar wind electrons as tracers of the Martian magnetotail topology, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.99, issue.A11, p.21233, 1994.

E. Dubinin, D. Obod, R. Lundin, K. Schwingenschuh, and R. Grard, Some features of the Martian bow shock, Advances in Space Research, vol.15, issue.8-9, pp.423-431, 1995.

E. Dubinin and R. Lundin, Mass-loading near Mars, Advances in Space Research, vol.16, issue.4, pp.75-79, 1995.

E. Dubinin, K. Sauer, M. Delva, and A. Skalsky, The IMF bending upstream of the Martian bow shock, Earth, Planets and Space, vol.50, issue.3, pp.295-302, 1998.

E. Dubinin, K. Sauer, K. Baumgärtel, and K. Srivastava, Multiple shocks near Mars, Earth, Planets and Space, vol.50, issue.3, pp.279-287, 1998.

E. Dubinin, K. Sauer, M. Delva, S. Livi, R. Lundin et al., Deceleration of the solar wind upstream of the martian bow shock. Mass-loading or foreshock features?, Advances in Space Research, vol.26, issue.10, pp.1627-1631, 2000.

J. T. Gosling, M. F. Thomsen, S. J. Bame, W. C. Feldman, G. Paschmann et al., Evidence for specularly reflected ions upstream from the quasi-parallel bow shock, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.9, issue.12, pp.1333-1336, 1982.

R. Grard, D. Klinge, S. Klimov, S. Savin, and J. G. Trotignon, The plasma wave system on Phobos, Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments, vol.22, issue.8, pp.656-662, 1989.

R. Grard, D. Klinge, S. Klimov, S. Savin, and J. G. Trotignon, The Plasma Wave System on Phobos, Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments, vol.22, issue.10, pp.888-894, 1989.

R. Grard, A. Pedersen, S. Klimov, S. A. Savin, A. Skalsky et al., First measurements of plasma waves near Mars, Nature, vol.341, issue.6243, pp.607-609, 1989.

R. Grard, C. Nairn, A. Pedersen, S. Klimov, S. Savin et al., Plasma and waves around Mars, Planetary and Space Science, vol.39, issue.1-2, pp.89-98, 1991.

W. Ip, On a hot oxygen corona of Mars, Icarus, vol.76, issue.1, pp.135-145, 1988.

W. Ip, The fast atomic oxygen corona extent of Mars, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.17, issue.13, pp.2289-2292, 1990.

W. Ip, Neutral particle environment of Mars: The exosphere-plasma interaction effects, Advances in Space Research, vol.12, issue.9, pp.205-211, 1992.

J. Kim, A. F. Nagy, J. L. Fox, and T. E. Cravens, Solar cycle variability of hot oxygen atoms at Mars, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.103, issue.A12, pp.29339-29342, 1998.

E. Kirsch, Pickup ions (Eo+ > 55 keV) measured near Mars by Phobos-2 in, Annal. Geophys, vol.9, p.761, 1989.

G. Kotova, M. Verigin, A. Remizov, N. Shutte, H. Rosenbauer et al., Study of the solar wind deceleration upstream of the Martian terminator bow shock, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.102, issue.A2, pp.2165-2173, 1997.

V. A. Krasnopolsky and G. R. Gladstone, Helium on Mars: EUVE and PHOBOS data and implications for Mars' evolution, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.101, issue.A7, pp.15765-15772, 1996.

H. Lammer and S. J. Bauer, Nonthermal atmospheric escape from Mars and Titan, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.96, issue.A2, pp.1819-1825, 1991.

Y. Lin, L. C. Lee, and M. Yan, Generation of dynamic pressure pulses downstream of the bow shock by variations in the interplanetary magnetic field orientation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.101, issue.A1, pp.479-493, 1996.

R. Lundin, B. Hultqvist, S. Olsen, R. Pellinen, I. Liede et al., The Aspera Experiment on the Soviet Phobos Spacecraft, Solar System Plasma Physics, vol.54, pp.417-424, 2013.

J. F. Mckenzie and K. O. Westphal, Transmission of Alfvén waves through the earth's bow shock, Planetary and Space Science, vol.17, issue.5, pp.1029-1037, 1969.

A. F. Nagy and T. E. Cravens, Hot oxygen atoms in the upper atmospheres of Venus and Mars, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.15, issue.5, pp.433-435, 1988.

A. F. Nagy and T. E. Cravens, Hot oxygen atoms in the upper atmospheres of Venus and Mars, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.15, issue.5, pp.433-435, 1988.

M. Neugebauer, Spacecraft observations of the interaction of active comets with the solar wind, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.28, issue.2, p.231, 1990.

N. Omidi and D. Winske, A kinetic study of solar wind mass loading and cometary bow shocks, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.92, issue.A12, p.13409, 1987.

A. Pedersen, C. Nairn, R. Grard, and K. Schwingenschuh, Derivation of electron densities from differential potential measurements upstream and downstream of the bow shock and in the magnetosphere of Mars, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.96, issue.A7, p.11243, 1991.

W. Riedler, D. Möhlmann, V. N. Oraevsky, K. Schwingenschuh, Y. E. Yeroshenko et al., Magnetic fields near Mars: first results, Nature, vol.341, issue.6243, pp.604-607, 1989.

H. Rosenbauer, N. Shutte, I. Apáthy, A. Galeev, K. Gringauz et al., Ions of martian origin and plasma sheet in the martian magnetosphere: initial results of the TAUS experiment, Nature, vol.341, issue.6243, pp.612-614, 1989.

C. T. Russell, J. G. Luhmann, K. Schwingenschuh, W. Riedler, and Y. E. Yeroshenko, Upstream waves at Mars: Phobos observations, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.17, issue.6, pp.897-900, 1990.

K. Sauer, E. Dubinin, and K. Baumgärtel, Nonlinear MHD waves and discontinuities in the Martian magnetosheath. Observations and 2D bi-ion MHD simulations, Earth, Planets and Space, vol.50, issue.9, pp.793-801, 1998.

K. Sauer, E. Dubinin, M. Dunlop, K. Baumgartel, and V. Tarasov, Low-frequency electromagnetic waves near and below the proton cyclotron frequency at the AMPTE Ba release: Relevance to comets and Mars, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.104, issue.A4, pp.6763-6771, 1999.

A. Skalsky, R. Grard, S. Klimov, C. M. Nairn, J. G. Trotignon et al., The Martian bow shock: Wave observations in the upstream region, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.97, issue.A3, pp.2927-2933, 1992.

A. Skalsky, R. Grard, P. Kiraly, S. Klimov, V. Kopanyi et al., Simultaneous plasma wave and electron flux observations upstream of the Martian bow shock, Planetary and Space Science, vol.41, issue.3, pp.183-188, 1993.

A. Skalsky, E. Dubinin, M. Delva, R. Grard, S. Klimov et al., Wave observations at the foreshock boundary in the near-Mars space, Earth, Planets and Space, vol.50, issue.5, pp.439-444, 1998.

J. G. Trotignon, R. Grard, and S. Klimov, Location of the Martian bow shock measurements by the plasma wave system on Phobos 2, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.18, issue.3, pp.365-368, 1991.

J. G. Trotignon, A. Skalsky, R. Grard, C. Nairn, and S. Klimov, Electron density in the Martian foreshock as a by-product of the electron plasma oscillation observations, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.97, issue.A7, p.10831, 1992.

M. I. Verigin, K. I. Gringauz, G. A. Kotova, N. M. Shutte, H. Rosenbauer et al., On the problem of the Martian atmosphere dissipation: Phobos: 2 TAUS Spectrometer results, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.96, issue.A11, p.19315, 1991.

G. P. Zank, H. L. Pauls, I. H. Cairns, and G. M. Webb, Interstellar pickup ions and quasi-perpendicular shocks: Implications for the termination shock and interplanetary shocks, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.101, issue.A1, pp.457-477, 1996.

T. L. Zhang, K. Schwingenschuh, and C. T. Russell, A study of the solar wind deceleration in the Earth's foreshock region, Advances in Space Research, vol.15, issue.8-9, pp.137-140, 1995.

T. L. Zhang, K. Schwingenschun, W. Riedler, G. Kotova, M. Verigin et al., Solar wind deceleration at Mars and Earth: A comparison, Advances in Space Research, vol.20, issue.2, pp.133-136, 1997.

M. Delva and K. Schwingenschuh, Institut ftir Weltraumforschung, OAW, A-8010 Graz, Inffeldgasse, vol.12

E. Dubinin, K. Sauer, and S. Max, Axford, Sir (William) Ian, (2 Jan. 1933?13 March 2010), Director, Max Planck Institut für Aeronomie, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany, 1974?82 and 1985?2001, then Emeritus, Planck Institut f/it Aeronomie, D-37191, 2007.

R. Grard, Space Sciences Department, ESA/ESTEC, Postbus 299, 2200 AG

R. Lundin, Swedish Institute of Space Physics

A. Skalsky, Space Research Institute, Profsoyuznaya, vol.84, p.117810

K. Szego, The Knowledge Management Project of MTA KFKI RMKI, 55th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law, pp.29-33, 2004.

J. Trotignon, Laboratoire de Physiq. et de Chimie de l'Environment/CNRS, 45071 Orleans Cedex 02, France