. Davis, As mentioned above, due to the intense 110 deformation during the Jurassic Yanshanian contractional events, only few pre-Jurassic structures 111 could be surely recognized in the YFTB, faults, which strike E-W in the west and NE-SW in the east, are distributed throughout the YFTB 109, vol.112, 2001.

. Zhang, A-type magmatism, graben or half-graben 114 basins, the Early Cretaceous, the NCC was dominated by extensional 113 tectonics (i.e., metamorphic core complexes (MCCs), 2012.

, The Wangtufang pluton has a subcircular surface exposure with a radius of about 12 km

, It mainly consists of syenogranite in the southwest and diorite in the northeast (Fig. 2)

, The main 121 rock-forming minerals, namely, quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, amphibole, and biotite, are 122 generally euhedral to subhedral without obvious preferred orientation. The Wangtufang pluton 123 intrudes into foliated, even mylonitic Archaean gneiss and undeformed migmatitic granite (Lin et 124 al., 2013a; Fig. 2). In the gneiss, in spite of the strike variation of foliation, the mineral and 125 stretching lineations are consistently oriented along a NW-SE direction (Figs. 2 and 3c-3d). A 126 top-to-the SE sense of shear is indicated by sigmoidal K-feldspar porphyroclasts (Fig. 3e). The 127 gneiss is pervasively folded by the top-to-the SE shearing, indicative of strong deformation before 128 pluton emplacement, Macroscopically, these two types of rocks (i.e., pale red syenogranite and dark gray diorite) appear 120 totally isotropic, lacking of any planar and linear structures at outcrops (Figs. 3a and 3b)

, Considering the paucity of available dating in this pluton, new zircon U-Pb dating of two 159 samples WTF5 and WTF13 was performed by a Cameca IMS 1280 large-radius SIMS at the 160 Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IGGCAS)

, The zircon grains from these two samples are subhedral, transparent, and 50-150 ?m in 162 length with aspect ratios between 1:1 and 3:1. CL images show clear oscillatory zoning

, Th/U ratios of Sample WTF5 vary from 0.42 to 1.12. Twenty analyses of 206 Pb/ 238 U and 207 Pb/ 235 U 164 results plotted on a Concordia diagram are relatively consistent

, This age is in agreement with previous age at 207 ± 1

(. Ma and . Liu, Th/U ratios of, 2012.

, Sample WTF13 range from 0.38 to 1.50. Nineteen analyses of 206 Pb/ 238 U and 207 Pb/ 235 U results

;. Ma and . Liu, It corresponds to the Late Triassic 169 emplacement age of the diorite, older than a previous age at 191 ± 1 Ma, 2012.

, wt %) abundances, and have Mg number # of 6.76-17.73. In the total 180 alkali versus silica diagram (Fig. 7a), all samples plot in granite field. The diorite displays a SiO 2 181 abundance of 51.88-56.31 wt %

, 14 wt %) and low MgO 184 (2.52-3.63 wt %) contents, with Mg # of 30.67-51.97. The samples plot in the monzodiorite and 185 monzonite fields in the total alkali versus silica diagram (Fig. 7a). Both the syenogranite and the 186 diorite are peraluminous (Fig. 7b) and can be categorized as high-K calc-alkaline series rocks, Na 2 O/K 2 O ratios of 1.33-2.97. They have relatively high Fe 2 O 3 T, vol.187, pp.77-86

, 94) (Fig. 8a). In the primitive mantle-normalized variation diagrams (Fig. 8b), 195 the syenogranite and the diorite samples are both enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) 196 relative to high field strength elements (HFSE). Their REE and trace, The syenogranite and the diorite have total rare Earth element contents (?REE) varying 189 over 29.84-240.38 ppm, and 169.96-414.57 ppm, respectively, and both display right-dipping 190 chondrite-normalized REE patterns (Fig. 8a), vol.193, pp.76-90

, -situ zircon Hf isotopes Previously analyzed zircon grains for U-Pb isotopes were chosen for In-situ zircon Hf 200 isotopic analyses. It was carried out in situ on a Neptune multi-collector ICP-MS equipped with a

, Geolas-193 laser ablation system at IGGCAS. Results for in situ Hf isotope analyses of zircons 202 are shown in Fig. 9 and Tab. 3. Zircons from the syenogranite (WTF5) have variable Hf isotopic 203 compositions, p.176

, 78 and -6.54, and two-stage depleted mantle Hf model (t DM2 ) ages between 1840, Hf/ 177 Hf ratios between 0.282377015 and 0.282469207, ?Hf(t) values between -204 9, vol.9

;. Ma and . Yang, 282665470, a range of ?Hf(t) values varying from -3.42 to -0.01, and two-stage depleted mantle 207 Hf model (t DM2 ) ages between 1439.9 and 1205.6 Ma. Magmatic zircons from the Wangtufang 208 pluton exhibit similar ?Hf(t) values from ?13.69 to 3.94, and two-stage depleted mantle Hf model 209 (t DM2 ) ages from 1582 to 950 Ma in the contemporaneous plutons, Zircons from the diorite (WTF13) have 176 Hf/ 177 Hf ratios between 0.282555378 and 206 0, vol.210, 2012.

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, FLSZ: Fengning-Longhua, 628 ductile shear zone, DNSZ: Damiao-Niangniangmiao ductile shear zone, UF: Unnamed fault, 629 JXT: Jixian thrust, MLYA: Malanyu anticline, XBCB: Xiabancheng basin, NDB: Niuying-630 Dengzhangzi basin, WTF: Wangtufang pluton

, Geological map and cross-sections in the Wangtufang pluton and its adjacent area

, Numbers in circles and stereonet show the locations and attitudes of the measured dykes, 633 respectively. U-Pb zircon data from Liu et, 2012.

, Field photographs of the Wangtufang pluton and its country rocks. (a) Syenogranite in the 635 south of the Wangtufang pluton. (b) Diorite in the north of the Wangtufang pluton. (c) Archaean 636 gneiss in the south of the Wangtufang pluton. (d) NW-SE trending lineation in Archaean gneiss

, Sigmoidal K-feldspar porphyroclast in Archaean gneiss, indicating a top-to-the-SE sense of 638 shearing. (f) Migmatitic granite in the north of the Wangtufang pluton

, Microstructures of typical investigated samples in the Wangtufang pluton

, Distribution map of the different types of microstructures. (b) and (c) Magmatic microstructures 645 in the syenogranite and the diorite, respectively. (d) and (e) Submagmatic microstructures in the 646 syenogranite and the diorite

. Fig, Cathodoluminescence (CL) images and U-Pb diagrams of Concordia age of, vol.6

, Spectrometer (SIMS) U-Pb analysis locations. White dashed circles are locations of LA-MC

, Age and ?Hf(t) data are listed under individual zircons with ages ahead. 651 MSWD: mean square of weighted deviates, ICPMS Hf analyses

, Chemical analyses diagrams of major elements for the Wangtufang pluton, vol.2

, Na 2 O+K 2 O diagram. (b) SiO 2 vs. K 2 O diagram. (c) Plot of A/CNK vs

, Trace elements diagrams for the Wangtufang pluton. (a) Chondrite-normalized REE

Y. , Diagram of ? Hf (t) vs. U-Pb ages Plot of all previously analyzed zircons for U-Pb isotopes 657 in the Wangtufang pluton. Hf isotopic compositions of zircons from the contemporaneous 658 plutons are from, 2012.

Y. , , 2014.

. Fig, AMS scalar parameters of the Wangtufang pluton. (a) Histogram of site mean magnetic 660 susceptibility (K m ). (b) Anisotropy degree P J value vs, vol.10

, Bulk magnetic susceptibility K m . (d) Shape parameter T vs. anisotropy 662 degree P J value

, Magnetic mineralogy investigations of representative specimens from the Wangtufang 664 pluton. (a-c) hysteresis loops, (d-e) acquisition of isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM), 665 and (g-i)

. Fig, Day plot of hysteresis parameters. Mrs: saturation of magnetic remanence, Ms: 667 saturation of induced magnetization, Hcr: coercivity of magnetic remanence, Hr: coercivity of 668 the measured sample, SD: single domain, PSD: pseudo-singledomain, MD: multidomain, vol.12

. Fig, Equal-area projections (lower hemisphere) of AMS results for each sampling site, vol.13

, Confidence ellipses at 95% level are drawn around each average orientation direction

, Mesoscopic and magnetic fabric patterns and orientation diagrams of K 3 and K 1

, Foliations. (b) Lineations

, Gravity modeling. (a) Residual Bouguer gravity anomaly of the Wangtufang pluton and, p.15

. Fig, Block diagrams of emplacement mode of the Wangtufang pluton, vol.16

, Triassic tectonic framework of the NCC showing Late Triassic tectonic setting of the 680 northern NCC, XBCB: Xiabancheng basin, NDB: Niuying-Dengzhangzi basin, WTF: 681 Wangtufang pluton

, Table 1. SIMS zircon U-Pb data of the collected samples in the Wangtufang pluton

, Table 2. Major-and trace-element concentrations of the Wangtufang pluton

, LA-ICP-MS in-situ Hf isotopic analyses of zircons for the Wangtufang pluton, vol.3

, Lat: latitude, Long: 686 longitude, N: the number of cylinders measured in each site, K m : mean magnetic susceptibility

P. , degree and shape parameter, respectively, K 1 and K 3 : magnetic lineation 688 and pole of magnetic foliation, respectively, Inc: inclination, and Dec: declination, ? 95max and 689 ? 95min : Jelinek's statistic confidence at 95% level (Jelinek, 1981) in degrees