T. Abrahão, H. Almazan, J. Dos-anjos, S. Appel, E. Baussan et al., Cosmic-muon characterization and annual modulation measurement with 449, 2017.

, Double Chooz detectors, Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, issue.02, p.2017

P. Adamson, C. Andreopoulos, K. Arms, R. Armstrong, D. Auty et al., Observation of muon intensity variations by season with the MINOS far 453 detector, Physical Review D, vol.81, issue.1, p.12001, 2010.

P. Adamson, I. Anghel, A. Aurisano, G. Barr, M. Bishai et al., , 2014.

, Observation of muon intensity variations by season with the MINOS near detector

, Physical Review D, vol.90, issue.1, p.12010

N. Agafonova, A. Alexandrov, A. Anokhina, S. Aoki, A. Ariga et al., Measurement of the cosmic ray muon flux seasonal variation with the OPERA 459 detector, p.458, 2018.

M. Agostini, M. Allardt, A. Bakalyarov, M. Balata, I. Barabanov et al., Flux modulations seen by the muon veto of the GERDA experiment, oth-461 ers, 2016.

, Astroparticle Physics, vol.84, pp.29-35

M. Agostini, K. Altenmüller, S. Appel, V. Atroshchenko, Z. Bagdasarian et al., Modulations of the Cosmic Muon Signal in Ten Years of Borexino 465 data, Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, issue.02, p.46, 2019.

M. Ambrosio, R. Antolini, G. Auriemma, R. Baker, A. Baldini et al., Seasonal variations in the underground muon intensity as seen by MACRO, p.467, 1997.

, Astroparticle Physics, vol.7, issue.1-2, pp.109-124

F. An, A. Balantekin, H. Band, M. Bishai, S. Blyth et al., Seasonal 470 variation of the underground cosmic muon flux observed at Daya Bay, Journal of 471 Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, issue.01, p.1, 2018.

G. Barr, S. Robbins, T. Gaisser, and T. Stanev, Uncertainties in atmospheric, pp.473-487, 2006.

P. H. Barrett, L. M. Bollinger, G. Cocconi, Y. Eisenberg, and K. Greisen, Inter-475 pretation of cosmic-ray measurements far underground, Reviews of Modern Physics, vol.476, issue.3, p.133, 1952.

A. Bouchta, Seasonal variation of the muon flux seen by AMANDA, the proceed-478 ings of the International Cosmic Ray Conference, vol.2, p.108, 1999.

A. J. Charlton and L. M. Polvani, A new look at stratospheric sudden warmings, 2007.

, Part I: Climatology and modeling benchmarks, Journal of Climate, vol.20, issue.3, pp.449-469

, ERA5: Fifth generation of ECMWF 482 atmospheric reanalyses of the global climate, Copernicus Climate Change Service, issue.C3S, 2017.

P. Desiati, S. Tilav, D. Rocco, T. Gaisser, and T. Kuwabara, Seasonal variations 484 of high energy cosmic ray muons observed by the Icecube observatory as a probe of 485 kaon/pion ratio, the proceedings of the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, p.486, 2011.

T. K. Gaisser, R. Engel, and E. Resconi, Cosmic rays and particle physics, 2016.

R. Gelaro, W. Mccarty, M. J. Suárez, R. Todling, A. Molod et al., The modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications, version 491 2 (MERRA-2), Journal of Climate, vol.30, issue.14, pp.5419-5454, 2017.

L. Goncharenko, J. Chau, H. Liu, and A. Coster, Unexpected connections 493 between the stratosphere and ionosphere, Geophysical Research Letters, issue.10, p.37, 2010.

E. Grashorn, J. De-jong, M. Goodman, A. Habig, M. Marshak et al., , p.495

P. , The atmospheric charged kaon/pion ratio using seasonal variation methods, 2010.

, Astroparticle Physics, vol.33, issue.3, pp.140-145

R. W. Hamming, Digital filters, Courier Corporation, 1998.

B. Hariharan, A. Chandra, S. Dugad, S. Gupta, P. Jagadeesan et al., Measurement of the electrical properties of a thundercloud through muon 500 imaging by the GRAPES-3 experiment, Physical Review Letters, vol.122, issue.10, p.105101, 2019.

T. Hebbeker and C. Timmermans, A compilation of high energy atmospheric muon 502 data at sea level, Astroparticle Physics, vol.18, issue.1, pp.107-127, 2002.

K. Jourde, Un nouvel outil pour mieux comprendre les systèmes volcaniques: la to-504 mographie par muons, applicationà la Soufrière de Guadeloupe, 2015.

K. Jourde, D. Gibert, J. Marteau, J. De-bremond-d'ars, S. Gardien et al., , p.507

J. Ianigro, Monitoring temporal opacity fluctuations of large structures 508 with muon radiography: a calibration experiment using a water tower, Scientific 509 Reports, vol.6, p.23054, 2016.

K. Jourde, Muon dynamic radiography of density changes induced by hy-511 drothermal activity at the La Soufrière of Guadeloupe volcano, Scientific Reports, vol.6, p.33406, 2016.

W. Kang and E. Tziperman, More frequent sudden stratospheric warming events due 514 to enhanced MJO forcing expected in a warmer climate, Journal of Climate, vol.30, issue.21, pp.515-8727, 2017.

N. Lesparre, D. Gibert, J. Marteau, Y. Déclais, D. Carbone et al., , 2010.

, Geophysical muon imaging: feasibility and limits, Geophysical Journal International, vol.518, issue.3, pp.1348-1361

N. Lesparre, J. Marteau, Y. Déclais, D. Gibert, B. Carlus et al., Design and operation of a field telescope for cosmic ray geophysical tomogra-521 phy, Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems, vol.520, pp.33-42, 2012.

V. Limpasuvan, D. W. Thompson, and D. L. Hartmann, The life cycle of the 523, 2004.

, Northern Hemisphere sudden stratospheric warmings, Journal of Climate, vol.17, issue.13, pp.2584-2596

H. Liu and R. Roble, A study of a self-generated stratospheric sudden warming 526 and its mesospheric-lower thermospheric impacts using the coupled time-gcm/ccm3, 527 Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.107, issue.D23, p.15, 2002.

J. Marteau, J. De-bremond-d'ars, D. Gibert, K. Jourde, S. Gardien et al., , p.529

J. Ianigro, Implementation of sub-nanosecond time-to-digital convertor in 530 field-programmable gate array: applications to time-of-flight analysis in muon radio-531 graphy, Measurement Science and Technology, vol.25, issue.3, p.35101, 2014.

J. Marteau, J. De-bremond-d'ars, D. Gibert, K. Jourde, J. Ianigro et al., DIAPHANE: Muon tomography applied to volcanoes, civil engineering, ar-534 chaelogy, Journal of Instrumentation, vol.12, issue.02, p.2008, 2017.

J. Marteau, D. Gibert, N. Lesparre, F. Nicollin, P. Noli et al., Muons 536 tomography applied to geosciences and volcanology, Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated 538 Equipment, vol.537, pp.23-28, 2012.

N. J. Matthewman, J. G. Esler, A. J. Charlton-perez, and L. M. Polvani, A new 540 look at stratospheric sudden warmings. Part III: Polar vortex evolution and vertical 541 structure, Journal of Climate, vol.22, issue.6, pp.1566-1585, 2009.

A. O'callaghan, M. Joshi, D. Stevens, and D. Mitchell, The effects of different sud-543 den stratospheric warming types on the ocean, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.41, issue.21, pp.544-7739, 2014.

A. O'neill, Stratospheric sudden warmings, Encyclopedia of atmospheric sciences, pp.1342-1353, 2003.

S. Osprey, J. Barnett, J. Smith, P. Adamson, C. Andreopoulos et al., Sudden stratospheric warmings seen in MINOS deep underground muon data, p.548, 2009.

, Geophysical Research Letters, issue.5, p.36

M. Rosas-carbajal, K. Jourde, J. Marteau, S. Deroussi, J. Komorowski et al., , p.551

D. , Three-dimensional density structure of La Soufrière de Guadeloupe lava 552 dome from simultaneous muon radiographies and gravity data, Geophysical Research, vol.553, issue.13, pp.6743-6751, 2017.

R. Scherhag, Die explosionartigen Stratospharenwarmungen des Spatwinters 1951-555 1952, Ber. Deut. Wetterd, vol.6, pp.51-63, 1952.

S. Schimanke, T. Spangehl, H. Huebener, and U. Cubasch, Variability and trends 557 of major stratospheric warmings in simulations under constant and increasing GHG 558 concentrations, Climate Dynamics, vol.40, issue.7-8, pp.1733-1747, 2013.

L. Sox, V. B. Wickwar, C. S. Fish, and J. P. Herron, Connection between the 560 midlatitude mesosphere and sudden stratospheric warmings as measured by Rayleigh-561 scatter lidar, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.121, issue.9, pp.4627-4636, 2016.

M. Tanabashi, Phys. Rev. D, issue.030001, p.98, 2018.

D. W. Thompson, M. P. Baldwin, and J. M. Wallace, Stratospheric connection 564 to Northern Hemisphere wintertime weather: Implications for prediction, p.565, 2002.

, Climate, vol.15, issue.12, pp.1421-1428

C. F. Vigorito, M. Selvi, A. Molinario, G. Bruno, G. Trinchero et al., , p.567

P. , Underground flux of atmospheric muons and its variations with 25 years of 568 data of the LVD experiment, PoS, p.291, 2017.

T. Yuan, B. Thurairajah, C. She, A. Chandran, R. Collins et al., , 2012.

, Wind and temperature response of midlatitude mesopause region to the 2009 sudden 571 stratospheric warming, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, issue.D9, p.117