H. Abdul-razzak and S. J. Ghan, A parameterization of aerosol activation: 2. Multiple aerosol types, J. Geophys. Res, vol.105, issue.D5, pp.6837-6844, 2000.

H. Abdul-razzak and S. J. Ghan, A parameterization of aerosol activation: 3. Sectional representation, J. Geophys. Res, vol.107, issue.D3, p.4026, 2002.

, AMAP Assessment 2015: Black Carbon and Ozone as Arctic Climate Forcers, AMAP, 2011.

L. Berg, M. Shrivastava, R. Easter, J. Fast, E. Chapman et al., A new WRF-Chem treatment for studying regional-scale impacts of cloud processes on aerosol and trace gases in parameterized cumuli, Geosci. Model Dev, vol.8, issue.2, pp.409-429, 2015.

T. C. Bond, Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos, vol.118, pp.5380-5552, 2013.

J. Brioude, The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART-WRF version 3.1, Geosci. Model Dev, vol.6, pp.1889-1904, 2013.

E. G. Chapman, R. C. Gustafson, J. C. Easter, S. J. Barnard, M. S. Ghan et al., Coupling aerosol-cloud-radiative processes in the WRF-Chem model: Investigating the radiative impact of elevated point sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.9, issue.3, pp.945-964, 2009.

J. Cozic, S. Mertes, B. Verheggen, D. J. Cziczo, S. Gallavardin et al., Black carbon enrichment in atmospheric ice particle residuals observed in lower tropospheric mixed phase clouds, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos, vol.113, p.15209, 2008.

P. Demott, Y. Chen, S. Kreidenweis, D. Rogers, and D. E. Sherman, Ice formation by black carbon particles, Geophys. Res. Lett, vol.26, issue.16, pp.2429-2432, 1999.

P. J. Demott, M. D. Petters, A. J. Prenni, C. M. Carrico, S. M. Kreidenweis et al., Ice nucleation behavior of biomass combustion particles at cirrus temperatures, J. Geophys. Res, vol.114, p.16205, 2009.

S. Eckhardt, Current model capabilities for simulating black carbon and sulfate concentrations in the Arctic atmosphere: A multi-model evaluation using a comprehensive measurement data set, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.15, issue.16, pp.9413-9433, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01140950

L. K. Emmons, The POLARCAT Model Intercomparison Project (POLMIP): Overview and evaluation with observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.15, issue.12, pp.6721-6744, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01088391

J. D. Fast, W. I. Gustafson, R. C. Easter, R. A. Zaveri, J. C. Barnard et al., Evolution of ozone, particulates, and aerosol direct radiative forcing in the vicinity of Houston using a fully coupled meteorology-chemistry-aerosol model, J. Geophys. Res, vol.111, p.21305, 2006.

M. G. Flanner, M. G. Flanner, C. S. Zender, J. T. Randerson, and P. J. Rasch, Present-day climate forcing and response from black carbon in snow, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos, vol.118, p.11202, 2007.

M. D. Flannigan, B. J. Stocks, and M. G. Weber, Fire regimes and climatic change in Canadian forests, Fire and Climatic Change in Temperate Ecosystems of the Western Americas, vol.160, pp.97-119, 2006.

S. R. Freitas, K. M. Longo, R. Chatfield, D. Latham, M. S. Dias et al., Including the sub-grid scale plume rise of vegetation fires in low resolution atmospheric transport models, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.7, issue.13, pp.3385-3398, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00303953

L. Giglio, W. Schroeder, and C. O. Justice, The collection 6 MODIS active fire detection algorithm and fire products, Remote Sens. Environ, vol.178, pp.31-41, 2016.

G. Grell, S. R. Freitas, M. Stuefer, and J. Fast, Inclusion of biomass burning in WRF-Chem: Impact of wildfires on weather forecasts, vol.11, pp.5289-5303, 2011.

G. A. Grell, S. E. Peckham, R. Schmitz, S. A. Mckeen, G. Frost et al., Fully coupled "online" chemistry within the WRF model, Atmos. Environ, vol.39, issue.37, pp.6957-6975, 2005.

J. Hansen and L. Nazarenko, Soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.101, issue.2, pp.423-428, 2004.

Y. J. Kaufman, C. O. Justice, L. P. Flynn, J. D. Kendall, E. M. Prins et al., Potential global fire monitoring from EOS-MODIS, J. Geophys. Res, vol.103, issue.D24, pp.215-247, 1998.

K. S. Law, Arctic air pollution: New insights from POLARCAT-IPY, vol.95, pp.1873-1895, 2014.

M. Legrand, Boreal fire records in Northern Hemisphere ice cores: A review, Clim. Past, vol.12, issue.10, pp.2033-2059, 2016.

A. Lyapustin, Scientific impact of MODIS C5 calibration degradation and C6+ improvements, Atmos. Meas. Tech, vol.7, issue.12, pp.4353-4365, 2014.

J. R. Mcconnell, R. Edwards, G. L. Kok, M. G. Flanner, C. S. Zender et al., 20th-century industrial black carbon emissions altered Arctic climate forcing, Science, issue.5843, pp.1381-1384, 2007.

M. Ménégoz, G. Krinner, Y. Balkanski, A. Cozic, O. Boucher et al., Boreal and temperate snow cover variations induced by black carbon emissions in the middle of the 21st century, Cryosphere, vol.7, issue.2, pp.537-554, 2013.

S. A. Monks and S. R. Arnold, Multi-model study of chemical and physical controls on transport of anthropogenic and biomass burning pollution to the Arctic, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.15, issue.6, pp.3575-3603, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01070702

M. D. Petters, Ice nuclei emissions from biomass burning, MODIS Atmosphere L3 Monthly Product (08_L3), NASA MODIS Adaptive Processing System, vol.114, p.7209, 2009.

C. M. Polashenski, J. E. Dibb, M. G. Flanner, J. Y. Chen, Z. R. Courville et al., Neither dust nor black carbon causing apparent albedo decline in Greenland's dry snow zone: Implications for MODIS C5 surface reflectance, Geophys. Res. Lett, vol.42, pp.9319-9327, 2015.

A. Roiger, Quantifying emerging local anthropogenic emissions in the Arctic region: The ACCESS aircraft campaign experiment, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc, vol.96, issue.3, pp.441-460, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01054384

J. P. Schwarz, B. Weinzierl, B. H. Samset, M. Dollner, K. Heimerl et al., Aircraft measurements of black carbon vertical profiles show upper tropospheric variability and stability, Geophys. Res. Lett, vol.44, pp.1132-1140, 2017.

W. Sessions, H. Fuelberg, R. Kahn, and D. Winker, An investigation of methods for injecting emissions from boreal wildfires using WRF-Chem during ARCTAS, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.11, issue.12, pp.5719-5744, 2011.

Z. Shen, J. Liu, L. W. Horowitz, D. K. Henze, S. Fan et al., Analysis of transpacific transport of black carbon during HIPPO-3: Implications for black carbon aging, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.14, issue.12, pp.6315-6327, 2014.

A. J. Soja, N. M. Tchebakova, N. H. French, M. D. Flannigan, H. H. Shugart et al., Climate-induced boreal forest change: Predictions versus current observations, Global Planet, Change, vol.56, issue.3, pp.274-296, 2007.

B. J. Stocks, Climate change and forest fire potential in Russian and Canadian boreal forests, Clim. Change, vol.38, issue.1, pp.1-13, 1998.

M. Tedesco, J. Box, J. Cappelen, X. Fettweis, T. Mote et al., Greenland ice sheet, NOAA Arctic Rep. Card, p.22, 2014.

M. Tedesco, S. Doherty, X. Fettweis, P. Alexander, J. Jeyaratnam et al., The darkening of the Greenland ice sheet: Trends, drivers, and projections, vol.10, pp.477-496, 1981.

S. Turquety, L. Menut, B. Bessagnet, A. Anav, N. Viovy et al., APIFLAME v1.0: High-resolution fire emission model and application to the Euro-Mediterranean region, Geosci. Model Dev, vol.7, issue.2, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01082605

C. Wiedinmyer, B. Quayle, C. Geron, A. Belote, D. Mckenzie et al., Estimating emissions from fires in North America for air quality modeling, Atmos. Environ, vol.40, issue.19, pp.3419-3432, 2006.

C. Wiedinmyer, S. Akagi, R. J. Yokelson, L. Emmons, J. Al-saadi et al., The Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN): A high resolution global model to estimate the emissions from open burning, Geosci. Model Dev, vol.4, pp.625-641, 2011.

D. M. Winker, M. A. Vaughan, A. Omar, Y. Hu, K. A. Powell et al., Overview of the CALIPSO mission and CALIOP data processing algorithms, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol, vol.26, issue.11, pp.2310-2323, 2009.

W. J. Wiscombe and S. G. Warren, A model for the spectral albedo of snow. I: Pure snow, J. Atmos. Sci, vol.37, issue.12, pp.2712-2733, 1980.

M. J. Wooster, G. Roberts, G. L. Perry, and Y. J. Kaufman, Retrieval of biomass combustion rates and totals from fire radiative power observations: FRP derivation and calibration relationships between biomass consumption and fire radiative energy release, J. Geophys. Res, vol.110, p.24311, 2005.

R. A. Zaveri, R. C. Easter, J. D. Fast, and L. K. Peters, Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry (MOSAIC), J. Geophys. Res, vol.113, p.13204, 2008.