C. H. Acton, Ancillary data services of NASA's Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility, Planetary and Space Science, vol.44, issue.1, p.65, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0032-0633(95)00107-7

G. D. Brin, Three models of dust layers on cometary nuclei, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.237, p.265, 1980.
DOI : 10.1086/157866

URL : http://doi.org/10.1086/157866

G. D. Brin and D. A. Mendis, Dust release and mantle development in comets, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.229, p.402, 1979.
DOI : 10.1086/156966

URL : http://doi.org/10.1086/156966

D. E. Brownlee, Surface of Young Jupiter Family Comet 81P/Wild 2: View from the Stardust Spacecraft, Science, vol.304, issue.5678, p.1764, 2004.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1097899

J. E. Colwell, B. M. Jakosky, B. J. Sandor, and S. A. Stern, Evolution of topography on comets II. Icy craters and trenches, Icarus, vol.85, issue.1, p.205, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0019-1035(90)90111-L

J. F. Crifo, The Correct Evaluation of the Sublimation Rate of Dusty Ices under Solar Illumination, and Its Implication on the Properties of P/Halley Nucleus, Icarus, vol.130, issue.2, p.549, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/icar.1997.5827

B. J. Davidsson and P. J. Gutiérrez, Nucleus properties of Comet 67P/Churyumov???Gerasimenko estimated from non-gravitational force modeling, Icarus, vol.176, issue.2, p.453, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.02.006

B. J. Davidsson and H. Rickman, Surface roughness and three-dimensional heat conduction in thermophysical models, Icarus, vol.243, p.58, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.08.039

B. J. Davidsson and Y. V. Skorov, On the Light-Absorbing Surface Layer of Cometary Nuclei, Icarus, vol.159, issue.1, p.239, 2002.
DOI : 10.1006/icar.2002.6912

D. Sanctis, M. C. Capaccioni, F. Capria, M. T. Coradini, A. Federico et al., Models of P/Wirtanen nucleus: active regions versus non-active regions, Planetary and Space Science, vol.47, issue.6-7, p.855, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0032-0633(99)00019-7

D. Sanctis and M. C. , The diurnal cycle of water ice on comet 67P/Churyumov???Gerasimenko, Nature, vol.49, issue.7570, p.500, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/S0032-0633(01)00050-2

G. Filacchione, Exposed water ice on the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov???Gerasimenko, Nature, vol.218, issue.7586, p.368, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.01.008

S. Fornasier, Rosetta???s comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko sheds its dusty mantle to reveal its icy nature, Science, vol.187, issue.6319, p.1566, 2016.
DOI : 10.1029/2007JD009744

N. Fougere, Three-dimensional direct simulation Monte-Carlo modeling of the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko observed by the VIRTIS and ROSINA instruments on board Rosetta, Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol.347, p.134, 2016.
DOI : 10.1126/science.aaa0440

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01283022

M. Fulle, Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko: the GIADA dust environment model of the Rosetta mission target, Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol.111, p.63, 2010.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361/201014928

URL : http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2010/14/aa14928-10.pdf

M. Fulle, EVOLUTION OF THE DUST SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF COMET 67P/CHURYUMOV???GERASIMENKO FROM 2.2 au TO PERIHELION, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.821, issue.1, p.19, 2016.
DOI : 10.3847/0004-637X/821/1/19

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01300203

O. Groussin and P. Lamy, Activity on the surface of the nucleus of comet 46P/Wirtanen, Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol.156, issue.3, p.879, 2003.
DOI : 10.1086/150041

E. Grün, Laboratory Simulation of Cometary Processes: Results From First Kosi Experiments, Astrophysics and Space Science Library IAU Colloq, vol.167, issue.116, p.277, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-011-3378-4_12

B. Gundlach, Y. V. Skorov, and J. Blum, Outgassing of icy bodies in the Solar System ??? I. The sublimation of hexagonal water ice through dust layers, Icarus, vol.213, issue.2, p.710, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.03.022

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00756914

P. J. Gutiérrez, J. L. Ortiz, R. Rodrigo, and J. J. López-moreno, Effects of irregular shape and topography in thermophysical models of heterogeneous cometary nuclei, Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol.370, issue.3, p.326, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/370349a0

L. Jorda, The global shape, density and rotation of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from preperihelion Rosetta/OSIRIS observations, Icarus, vol.277, p.257, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.05.002

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01322943

H. U. Keller, Insolation, erosion, and morphology of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol.513, p.34, 2015.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361/200912976

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01205763

N. I. Kömle and G. Steiner, Temperature evolution of porous ice samples covered by a dust mantle, Icarus, vol.96, issue.2, p.204, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0019-1035(92)90074-H

N. I. Kömle, G. Steiner, K. J. Seidensticker, H. Kochan, H. Thomas et al., Temperature evolution and vapour pressure build-up in porous ices, Planetary and Space Science, vol.40, issue.10, p.1311, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0032-0633(92)90088-6

K. J. Kossacki and S. Szutowicz, Comet 9P/Tempel 1: Sublimation beneath the dust cover, Icarus, vol.195, issue.2, p.705, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.12.014

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00519327

K. J. Kossacki, W. J. Markiewicz, Y. Skorov, and N. I. Kömle, Sublimation coefficient of water ice under simulated cometary-like conditions, Planetary and Space Science, vol.47, issue.12, p.1521, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0032-0633(99)00037-9

E. Kührt, Temperature profiles and thermal stresses in cometary nuclei, Icarus, vol.60, issue.3, p.512, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0019-1035(84)90158-1

E. Kührt and H. U. Keller, The Formation of Cometary Surface Crusts, Icarus, vol.109, issue.1, p.121, 1994.
DOI : 10.1006/icar.1994.1080

M. Küppers, A large dust/ice ratio in the nucleus of comet 9P/Tempel 1, Nature, vol.154, issue.7061, p.987, 2005.
DOI : 10.1006/icar.2001.6708

Y. Mekler, D. Prialnik, and M. Podolak, Evaporation from a porous cometary nucleus, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.356, p.682, 1990.
DOI : 10.1086/168875

URL : http://doi.org/10.1086/168875

D. Prialnik and Y. Mekler, The formation of an ice crust below the dust mantle of a cometary nucleus, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.366, p.318, 1991.
DOI : 10.1086/169564

A. Rotundi, Dust measurements in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko inbound to the Sun, Science, vol.347, issue.6220, p.3905, 2015.
DOI : 10.1126/science.aaa0276

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01110291

Y. V. Skorov and H. Rickman, A kinetic model of gas flow in a porous cometary mantle, Planetary and Space Science, vol.43, issue.12, p.1587, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0032-0633(95)00062-3

Y. V. Skorov, R. V. Lieshout, J. Blum, and H. U. Keller, Activity of comets: Gas transport in the near-surface porous layers of a cometary nucleus, Icarus, vol.212, issue.2, p.867, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.01.018

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00734588

R. Smoluchowski, Heat content and evolution of cometary nuclei, Icarus, vol.47, issue.3, p.312, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0019-1035(81)90178-0

L. A. Soderblom, Observations of Comet 19P/Borrelly by the Miniature Integrated Camera and Spectrometer Aboard Deep Space 1, Science, vol.296, issue.5570, p.1087, 2002.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1069527

T. Spohn and J. Benkhoff, Thermal history models for KOSI sublimation experiments, Icarus, vol.87, issue.2, p.358, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0019-1035(90)90139-Z

F. L. Whipple, A comet model. I. The acceleration of Comet Encke, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.111, p.375, 1950.
DOI : 10.1086/145272

S. Yabushita, The transport of super-volatiles through cometary nuclei by radioactive heating, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol.273, issue.4, p.940, 1995.
DOI : 10.1093/mnras/273.4.940

URL : https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/273/4/940/3795327/mnras273-0940.pdf

. Liebig-weg, Germany 2 Institut für Geophysik und extraterrestrische Physik (IGEP) Mendelssohnstraße 3, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany 3 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Planetenforschung

M. Ames-research-center and . Field, 94035 CA, USA 8 Department of Physics and Astronomy 'G. Galilei

A. Université, 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie, F-13388 Marseille cedex 13, France 10 Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), E-28850 Torrejón de Ardoz (Madrid), Spain 11 International Space Science Institute, Hallerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland 12 Scientific Support Office, European Space Research and Technology Centre, NL-2201 Noordwijk, the Nether- lands 13, p.75120

F. Guyancourt, University of Padova,Via Venezia 15, I-35131 Padova, Italy 19 INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, I-35122, 21 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, pp.183-301

. Aix-marseille-université, . Cnrs, and . Lam, Laboratoire d'Astro-physique de Marseille) UMR 7326, p.300

C. Rd, C. Centre, /. Esa, and P. Box, E-28691 Villanueva de la Cañada (Madrid), Spain 28 Department of Information Engineering, p.3012, 32054.