K. Aoyagi and T. Kazama, Transformational changes of clay minerals, zeolites and silica minerals during diagenesis, Sedimentology, vol.43, issue.2, pp.179-188, 1980.
DOI : 10.1130/0016-7606(1976)87<725:MOBMOA>2.0.CO;2

P. A. Baker and M. Kastner, Constraints on the Formation of Sedimentary Dolomite, Science, vol.213, issue.4504, pp.214-216, 1981.
DOI : 10.1126/science.213.4504.214

M. Bau, Controls on the fractionation of isovalent trace elements in magmatic and aqueous systems: evidence from Y/Ho, Zr/Hf, and lanthanide tetrad effect, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, vol.123, issue.3, pp.323-333, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/s004100050159

M. Bau and P. Dulski, Distribution of yttrium and rare-earth elements in the Penge and Kuruman iron-formations, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa, Precambrian Research, vol.79, issue.1-2, pp.37-55, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0301-9268(95)00087-9

A. Bekker, H. D. Holland, P. L. Wang, I. Rumble, D. Stein et al., Dating the rise of atmospheric oxygen, Nature, vol.427, issue.6970, pp.117-120, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/nature02260

A. Bekker and H. D. Holland, Oxygen overshoot and recovery during the early Paleoproterozoic, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.317, issue.318, pp.317-318, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.12.012

R. A. Berner, Principles of Chemical Sedimentology, 1971.

J. R. Boles, C. A. Landis, and P. Dale, The Moeraki Boulders; anatomy of some septarian concretions, J. Sedim. Petrol, vol.55, issue.3, pp.398-406, 1985.

W. Bryce and L. P. Knauth, Stable isotope geochemistry of cherts and carbonates from the 2.0 Ga Gunflint Iron Formation: implications for the depositional setting and the effects of diagenesis and metamorphism, Precamb. Res, vol.59, pp.283-313, 1992.

S. E. Calvert, S. Mokerjee, and R. J. Morris, Trace metals in fulvic and humic acids from modern organic-rich sediments, Oceanol. Acta, vol.8, pp.167-173, 1985.

D. E. Canfield, L. Ngombi-pemba, E. U. Hammarund, S. Bengston, M. Chaussidon et al., Oxygen dynamics in the aftermath of the Great Oxidation of Earth's atmosphere, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.37, issue.5, pp.16736-16741, 2013.
DOI : 10.1130/G25423A.1

D. E. Canfield and R. Raiswell, Pyrite Formation and Fossil Preservation, Taphonomy: Releasing the Data Locked in the Fossil Record, pp.337-387, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4899-5034-5_7

H. Chamley, Clay sedimentology, 1989.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-85916-8

H. Chamley, J. F. Deconinck, and G. Millot, Sur l'abondance des miné raux smectitiques dans les sé diments marins communs dé posé s lors des pé riodes de haut niveau marin du Jurassique au Palé ogè ne, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. II, vol.311, pp.1529-1536, 1990.

L. Chevallier, J. F. Makanga, and R. J. Thomas, Carte gé ologique de la Ré publique gabonaise, 2002.

T. M. Chowns and J. E. Elkins, The origin of quartz geodes and cauliflower chert through the silicification of anhydrite nodules, J. Sedim. Petrol, vol.44, pp.885-903, 1974.

G. E. Claypool and I. R. Kaplan, The Origin and Distribution of Methane in Marine Sediments, Natural Gases in Marine Sediments, pp.99-139, 1974.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4684-2757-8_8

M. L. Coleman, Geochemistry of Diagenetic Non-Silicate Minerals Kinetic Considerations [and Discussion], Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.315, issue.1531, pp.39-56, 1985.
DOI : 10.1098/rsta.1985.0028

J. S. Compton, Degree of supersaturation and precipitation of organogenic dolomite, Geology, vol.16, issue.4, pp.318-321, 1988.
DOI : 10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0318:DOSAPO>2.3.CO;2

C. D. Curtis, Sedimentary Geochemistry: Environments and Processes Dominated by Involvement of an Aqueous Phase [and Discussion], Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.286, issue.1336, pp.353-372, 1977.
DOI : 10.1098/rsta.1977.0123

C. D. Curtis, M. L. Coleman, and L. G. Love, Pore water evolution during sediment burial from isotopic and mineral chemistry of calcite, dolomite and siderite concretions, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.50, issue.10, pp.2321-2334, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(86)90085-2

D. Baar, H. J. Schijf, J. Byme, and R. H. , Solution chemistry of the rare earth elements in seawater, Eur. J. Solid State Inorg. Chem, vol.28, pp.357-373, 1991.

E. Albani, A. Vachard, D. Kuhnt, W. Thurow, and J. , The role of diagenetic carbonate concretions in the preservation of the original sedimentary record, Sedimentology, vol.162, issue.4, pp.875-886, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/0037-0738(95)00087-9

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01408928

E. Albani, A. Cloutier, R. Candilier, and A. M. , Early diagenesis of the Upper Devonian Escuminac Formation in the Gasp? Peninsula, Qu?bec: sedimentological and geochemical evidence, Sedimentary Geology, vol.146, issue.3-4, pp.209-223, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00119-1

E. Albani, A. Bengton, S. Canfield, D. E. Bekker, A. Miacchiarelli et al., Large colonial organisms with coordinated growth in oxygenated environments 2.1?Gyr ago, Nature, vol.461, issue.7302, pp.100-104, 2010.
DOI : 10.1038/nature09166

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01404352

H. Elderfield and E. R. Sholkovitz, Rare earth elements in the pore waters of reducing nearshore sediments, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.82, issue.3-4, pp.3-4, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0012-821X(87)90202-0

P. Fritz and D. G. Smith, The isotopic composition of secondary dolomites, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.34, issue.11, pp.1161-1173, 1970.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(70)90056-6

D. L. Gautier, Siderite concretions: indicators of early diagenesis in the Gammon shale (Cretaceous), J. Sedim. Petrol, vol.52, pp.859-871, 1982.

D. L. Gautier and G. E. Claypool, Interpretation of methanic diagenesis in ancient sediments by analogy with processes in modern diagenetic environments, Clastic Diagenesis, pp.111-123, 1984.

L. A. Hardie, Dolomitization; a critical view of some current views, Journal of Sedimentary Research, vol.57, issue.1, pp.166-183, 1987.
DOI : 10.1306/212F8AD5-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D

G. Hoareau, F. Odonne, E. J. Debroas, A. Maillard, C. Monnin et al., Dolomitic concretions in the Eocene Sobrarbe delta (Spanish Pyrenees): Fluid circulation above a submarine slide scar infilling, Marine and Petroleum Geology, vol.26, issue.5, pp.724-737, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.03.012

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00663215

H. D. Holland, Volcanic gases, black smokers, and the great oxidation event, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.66, issue.21, pp.3811-3826, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00950-X

R. M. Hotinski, L. R. Kump, and M. A. Arthur, The effectiveness of the Paleoproterozoic biological pump: A ?13C gradient from platform carbonates of the Pethei Group (Great Slave Lake Supergroup, NWT), Geological Society of America Bulletin, vol.116, issue.5, pp.539-554, 2004.
DOI : 10.1130/B25272.1

J. D. Hudson, Concretions, isotopes, and the diagenetic history of the Oxford Clay (Jurassic) of central England, Sedimentology, vol.36, issue.1, pp.339-369, 1978.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(76)90191-5

H. Irwin, Early diagenetic carbonate precipitation and pore fluid migration in the Kimmeridge Clay of Dorset, England, Sedimentology, vol.42, issue.5, pp.577-591, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(76)90191-5

G. Izon, A. L. Zerkle, I. Zhelezinskaia, J. Farquhar, R. J. Newton et al., Multiple oscillations in Neoarchaean atmospheric chemistry, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.431, pp.264-273, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.09.018

URL : http://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.09.018

J. B. Jaffré-s, G. A. Shields, and K. Wallmann, The oxygen isotope evolution of seawater: A critical review of a long-standing controversy and an improved geological water cycle model for the past 3.4?billion years, Earth-Science Reviews, vol.83, issue.1-2, pp.83-122, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.04.002

K. R. Kelts and J. A. Mckenzie, Diagenetic Dolomite Formation in Quaternary Anoxic Diatomaceous Muds of Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 64, Gulf of California, pp.553-569, 1982.
DOI : 10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.110.1982

G. G. Lash and D. Blood, Geochemical and textural evidence for early (shallow) diagenetic growth of stratigraphically confined carbonate concretions, Upper Devonian Rhinestreet black shale, western New York, Chemical Geology, vol.206, issue.3-4, pp.407-424, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.12.017

J. D. Marshall and D. Pirrie, Carbonate concretions-explained, Geology Today, vol.41, issue.244, pp.53-62, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/gto.12002

A. Matthews and A. Katz, Oxygen isotope fractionation during the dolomitization of calcium carbonate, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.41, issue.10, pp.1431-1438, 1977.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(77)90249-6

J. M. Mcarthur, R. A. Benmore, M. L. Coleman, C. Soldi, H. W. Yeh et al., Stable isotopic characterisation of francolite formation, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.77, issue.1, pp.20-34, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0012-821X(86)90129-9

E. F. Mcbride, M. D. Picard, K. L. Milliken, and U. S. Utah, Calcite-Cemented Concretions in Cretaceous Sandstone, Wyoming and Utah, U.S.A., Journal of Sedimentary Research, vol.73, issue.3, pp.462-483, 2003.
DOI : 10.1306/111602730462

V. A. Melezhik, A. E. Fallick, and S. M. Grillo, Subaerial exposure surfaces in a Palaeoproterozoic 13C-rich dolostone sequence from the Pechenga Greenstone Belt: palaeoenvironmental and isotopic implications for the 2330?2060Ma global isotope excursion of 13C/12C, Precambrian Research, vol.133, issue.1-2, pp.75-103, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.precamres.2004.03.011

L. Ngombi-pemba, A. El-albani, A. Meunier, O. Grauby, and F. Gauthier-lafaye, From detrital heritage to diagenetic transformations, the message of clay minerals contained within shales of the Palaeoproterozoic Francevillian basin (Gabon), Precambrian Research, vol.255, pp.63-76, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.precamres.2014.09.016

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01321354

L. D. Nothdurft, G. E. Webb, and B. S. Kamber, Rare earth element geochemistry of Late Devonian reefal carbonates, Canning Basin, Western Australia: confirmation of a seawater REE proxy in ancient limestones, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.68, issue.2, pp.263-283, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00422-8

G. Oertel and C. D. Curtis, Clay-Ironstone Concretion Preserving Fabrics Due to Progressive Compaction, Geological Society of America Bulletin, vol.83, issue.9, pp.2597-2606, 1972.
DOI : 10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[2597:CCPFDT]2.0.CO;2

O. Ossa, F. El-albani, A. Hofmann, A. Bekker, A. Gauthier-lafaye et al., Exceptional preservation of expandable clay minerals in the ca. 2.1Ga black shales of the Francevillian basin, Gabon and its implication for atmospheric oxygen accumulation, Chemical Geology, vol.362, pp.181-192, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.08.011

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00987673

K. A. Pisciotto and J. J. Mahoney, Isotopic survey of diagenetic carbonates, Deep Sea Drilling Project (D.S.D.P.), pp.595-609, 1981.

A. Pré-at, P. Bouton, D. Thié-blemont, J. Prian, S. S. Ndounze et al., Paleoproterozoic high ?13C dolomites from the Lastoursville and Franceville basins (SE Gabon): Stratigraphic and synsedimentary subsidence implications, Precambrian Research, vol.189, issue.1-2, pp.212-228, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.precamres.2011.05.013

P. A. Pruysers, G. J. De-lange, and J. J. Middelburg, Geochemistry of eastern Mediterranean sediments: Primary sediment composition and diagenetic alterations, Marine Geology, vol.100, issue.1-4, pp.137-154, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0025-3227(91)90230-2

R. Raiswell, THE GROWTH OF CAMBRIAN AND LIASSIC CONCRETIONS, Sedimentology, vol.151, issue.3-4, pp.147-171, 1971.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01820013

R. Raiswell, The microbiological formation of carbonate concretions in the Upper Lias of NE England, Chemical Geology, vol.18, issue.3, pp.227-244, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2541(76)90006-1

R. Raiswell, Chemical model for the origin of minor limestone-shale cycles by anaerobic methane oxidation, Geology, vol.16, issue.7, pp.641-644, 1988.
DOI : 10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0641:CMFTOO>2.3.CO;2

R. Raiswell and Q. J. Fisher, Mudrock-hosted carbonate concretions: a review of growth mechanisms and their influence on chemical and isotopic composition, Journal of the Geological Society, vol.157, issue.1, pp.239-251, 2000.
DOI : 10.1144/jgs.157.1.239

S. Ritger, B. Carson, and E. Suess, Methane-derived authigenic carbonates formed by subduction-induced pore-water expulsion along the Oregon/Washington margin, Geological Society of America Bulletin, vol.98, issue.2, pp.147-156, 1987.
DOI : 10.1130/0016-7606(1987)98<147:MACFBS>2.0.CO;2

D. P. Schrag, J. A. Higgins, F. A. Macdonald, and D. T. Johnston, Authigenic Carbonate and the History of the Global Carbon Cycle, Science, vol.5, issue.3-4, pp.540-543, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.12.033

S. R. Taylor and S. M. Mclennan, Composition and evolution of the continental crust, 1985.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511575358.014

G. D. Thyne and J. R. Boles, Isotopic evidence for origin of the Moeraki septarian concretions, New Zealand, J. Sedim. Petrol, vol.59, issue.2, pp.272-279, 1989.

N. Tribovillard, T. J. Algeo, T. Lyons, and A. Riboulleau, Trace metals as paleoredox and paleoproductivity proxies: An update, Chemical Geology, vol.232, issue.1-2, pp.12-32, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.02.012

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00351351

C. Vasconcelos, J. A. Mckenzie, R. Warthmann, and S. Bernasconi, Calibration of the ?18O paleothermometer for dolomite precipitated in microbial cultures and natural environments, Geology, vol.33, issue.4, pp.317-320, 2005.
DOI : 10.1130/G20992.1

J. Veizer, Strontium Isotopes in Seawater through Time, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, vol.17, issue.1, pp.141-167, 1989.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.ea.17.050189.001041

J. Veizer and J. Hoefs, The nature of O18/O16 and C13/C12 secular trends in sedimentary carbonate rocks, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.40, issue.11, pp.1387-1395, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(76)90129-0

B. Velde, Origin and Mineralogy of Clays. Clays and the Environment, 1995.

F. Weber, Une sé rie pré cambrienne du Gabon : le Francevillien. Sé dimentologie, gé ochimie, relations avec les g??tesg??tes miné raux associé s. Mé m. Serv. Carte Gé ol, 1969.

Y. F. Zheng, Oxygen isotope fractionation in carbonate and sulfate minerals., GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, vol.33, issue.2, pp.109-126, 1999.
DOI : 10.2343/geochemj.33.109