Pleistocene uplift, climate and morphological segmentation of the northern Chile coasts (24°S-32°S): Insights from cosmogenic 10Be dating of paleoshorelines

Joseph Martinod (1) , Vincent Regard (2) , Rodrigo Riquelme (3) , German Aguilar (4) , Benjamin Guillaume (5) , Sebastien Carretier (2) , Joaquin Alejandro Cortes Aranda (1, 3) , Laettitia Léanni (6) , Gérard Hérail (2)

1 ISTerre - Institut des Sciences de la Terre
2 GET - Géosciences Environnement Toulouse
3 Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas
4 Advanced Mining Technology Center
5 GR - Géosciences Rennes
6 CEREGE - Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement

We present new cosmogenic (10Be) exposure ages obtained on Pleistocene marine abrasion shore terraces of Northern Chile between 24°S and 32°S in order to evaluate the temporal and spatial variability of uplift rates along the coastal forearc. Both the dispersion of cosmogenic concentrations in samples from the same terrace and data obtained in vertical profiles show that onshore erosion rates, following emergence of paleoshorelines, approached 1 m/Myr. Therefore, minimum ages calculated without considering onshore erosion may be largely underestimated for Middle Pleistocene terraces. The elevation of the last interglacial (MIS-5) paleoshoreline is generally between 25 and 45 m amsl, suggesting that the entire coast of the study area has been uplifting during the Upper Pleistocene at rates approaching 0.3 mm/yr. Available ages for Middle Pleistocene terraces suggest similar uplift rates, except in the Altos de Talinay area where uplift may have been accelerated by the activity of the Puerto Aldea Fault. The maximum elevation of Pleistocene paleoshorelines is generally close to 250 m and there is no higher older Neogene marine sediment, which implies that uplift accelerated during the Pleistocene following a period of coastal stability or subsidence. We observe that the coastal morphology largely depends on the latitudinal climatic variability. North of 26.75°S, the coast is characterized by the presence of a high scarp associated with small and poorly preserved paleoshorelines at its foot. The existence of the coastal scarp in the northern part of the study area is permitted by the hyper-arid climate of the Atacama Desert. This particular morphology may explain why paleoshorelines evidencing coastal uplift are poorly preserved between 26.75°S and 24°S despite Upper Pleistocene uplift rates being comparable with those prevailing in the southern part of the study area.

Keywords: Andes; Uplift; Cosmogenic nuclide; Paleoshores; Tectonics; Climate

Domains: Geomorphology; Tectonics

Joseph Martinod, Vincent Regard, Rodrigo Riquelme, German Aguilar, Benjamin Guillaume, et al.. Pleistocene uplift, climate and morphological segmentation of the northern Chile coasts (24°S-32°S): Insights from cosmogenic 10Be dating of paleoshorelines. Geomorphology, 2016, 274, pp.78-91. ⟨10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.09.010⟩. ⟨insu-01366304⟩