Molecular Biomarkers of Anthropic Impacts in Natural Archives: A Review

Nathalie Dubois (1) , Jérémy Jacob (2, 3)

1 Surface Waters Researchand Management
2 ISTO - Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327
3 Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327

Molecular biomarkers are becoming increasingly important tools in paleoenvironmental research, and over recent years have been shown to be useful indicators of human activities. Common indicators of past human impacts include pollen, charcoal, sedimentation rates, and magnetic susceptibility, each of which has its limitations. Thus, the advent of novel molecular markers of human activities provides an additional set of tools to make the difficult distinction between anthropogenic and natural factors that have influenced the environment in the past. Fossil biomarkers preserved in natural archives provide valuable temporal and spatial insights on land use such as cultivation practices and pastoral activities, post-harvesting activities (e.g., retting), and their consequences on the environment and ecosystems. Herein we review the progress that has been made in developing novel biomarkers of human activities, differentiating those indicating environmental changes that can be related to human activities from those unambiguously attributable to human activities. The review ends with a case study highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the biomarker approach and finally summarizes opportunities for future research.

Mots clés: land use change; biomarkers; human impacts; natural archives; fossil molecules; paleoenvironment

Domaines: Interfaces continentales, environnement

Nathalie Dubois, Jérémy Jacob. Molecular Biomarkers of Anthropic Impacts in Natural Archives: A Review. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 2016, 4 (article 92), 16 p. ⟨10.3389/fevo.2016.00092⟩. ⟨insu-01365745⟩