H. C. Stenbaek-nielsen, T. Kanmae, M. G. Mcharg, and R. Haaland, High-speed observations of sprite streamers, Surv. Geophys, vol.34, issue.6, pp.769-795, 2013.

S. A. Cummer, N. Jaugey, J. Li, W. A. Lyons, T. E. Nelson et al., Submillisecond imaging of sprite development and structure, Geophys. Res. Lett, vol.33, issue.4, p.4104, 2006.

M. G. Mcharg, H. C. Stenbaek-nielsen, T. Kanmae, and R. K. Haaland, High-speed imaging of sprite streamers, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci, vol.39, issue.11, pp.2266-2267, 2011.

M. R. Torr, Persistence of phosphor glow in microchannel plate image intensifiers, Appl. Opt, vol.24, issue.6, pp.793-795, 1985.

D. Moudry, H. Stenbaek-nielsen, D. Sentman, and E. Wescott, Imaging of elves, halos and sprite initiation at time resolution, J. Atmosph. Solar-Terrestrial Phys, vol.65, issue.5, pp.509-518, 2003.

E. M. Van-veldhuizen and W. R. Rutgers, Pulsed positive corona streamer propagation and branching, J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys, vol.35, issue.17, pp.2169-2179, 2002.

T. M. Briels, E. M. Van-veldhuizen, and U. Ebert, Positive streamers in air and nitrogen of varying density: Experiments on similarity laws, J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys, vol.41, issue.23, p.234008, 2008.

N. Y. Liu, V. P. Pasko, K. Adams, H. C. Stenbaek-nielsen, and M. G. Mcharg, Comparison of acceleration, expansion, and brightness of sprite streamers obtained from modeling and high-speed video observations, J. Geophys. Res, vol.114, issue.A3, pp.1-10, 2009.

J. Qin, S. Celestin, and V. P. Pasko, Formation of single and doubleheaded streamers in sprite-halo events, Geophys. Res. Lett, vol.39, issue.5, p.5810, 2012.

J. Qin, V. P. Pasko, M. G. Mcharg, and H. C. Stenbaek-nielsen, Plasma irregularities in the D-region ionosphere in association with sprite streamer initiation, Nature Commun, vol.5, p.3740, 2014.

J. Li and S. A. Cummer, Measurement of sprite streamer acceleration and deceleration, Geophys. Res. Lett, vol.36, issue.10, p.10812, 2009.

J. Li, S. A. Cummer, G. Lu, and L. Zigoneanu, Charge moment change and lightning-driven electric fields associated with negative sprites and halos, J. Geophys. Res, vol.117, issue.A9, p.9310, 2012.

B. R. Sandel, D. F. Collins, and A. L. Broadfoot, Effect of phosphor persistence on photometry with image intensifiers and integrating readout devices, Appl. Opt, vol.25, issue.20, pp.3697-3704, 1986.

A. Luque and U. Ebert, Emergence of sprite streamers from screeningionization waves in the lower ionosphere, Nature Geosci, vol.2, issue.11, pp.757-760, 2009.

M. G. Mcharg, H. C. Stenbaek-nielsen, and T. Kammae, Observations of streamer formation in sprites, Geophys. Res. Lett, vol.34, issue.6, p.6804, 2007.

J. Montanyà, High-speed intensified video recordings of sprites and elves over the western Mediterranean Sea during winter thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res, vol.115, issue.A4, pp.0-18, 2010.