The LOFAR Multifrequency Snapshot Sky Survey (MSSS). I. Survey description and first results

G. H. Heald; R. F. Pizzo; E. Orrú; R. P. Breton; D. Carbone; C. Ferrari; M. J. Hardcastle; W. Jurusik; G. Macario; D. Mulcahy; D. Rafferty; A. Asgekar; M. Brentjens; R. A. Fallows; W. Frieswijk; M. C. Toribio; B. Adebahr; M. Arts; M. R. Bell; A. Bonafede; J. Bray; J. Broderick; T. Cantwell; P. Carroll; Y. Cendes; A. O. Clarke; J. Croston; S. Daiboo; F. de Gasperin; J. Gregson; J. Harwood; T. Hassall; V. Heesen; A. Horneffer; A. J. van der Horst; M. Iacobelli; V. Jelić; D. Jones; D. Kant; G. Kokotanekov; P. Martin; J. P. Mckean; L. K. Morabito; B. Nikiel-Wroczyński; A. Offringa; V. N. Pandey; M. Pandey-Pommier; M. Pietka; L. Pratley; C. Riseley; A. Rowlinson; J. Sabater; A. M. M. Scaife; L. H. A. Scheers; K. Sendlinger; A. Shulevski; M. Sipior; C. Sobey; A. J. Stewart; A. Stroe; J. Swinbank; C. Tasse; J. Trüstedt; E. Varenius; S. van Velzen; N. Vilchez; R. J. van Weeren; S. Wijnholds; W. L. Williams; A. G. de Bruyn; R. Nijboer; M. Wise; A. Alexov; J. Anderson; I. M. Avruch; R. Beck; M. E. Bell; I. van Bemmel; M. J. Bentum; G. Bernardi; P. Best; F. Breitling; W. N. Brouw; M. Brüggen; H. R. Butcher; B. Ciardi; J. E. Conway; E. de Geus; A. de Jong; M. de Vos; A. Deller; R.-J. Dettmar; S. Duscha; J. Eislöffel; D. Engels; H. Falcke; R. Fender; M. A. Garrett; Jean-Mathias Grießmeier; A. W. Gunst; J. P. Hamaker; J. W. T. Hessels; M. Hoeft; J. Hörandel; H. A. Holties; H. Intema; N. J. Jackson; E. Jütte; A. Karastergiou; W. F. A. Klijn; V. I. Kondratiev; L. V. E. Koopmans; M. Kuniyoshi; G. Kuper; C. Law; J. van Leeuwen; M. Loose; P. Maat; S. Markoff; R. Mcfadden; D. Mckay-Bukowski; M. Mevius; J. C. A. Miller-Jones; R. Morganti; H. Munk; A. Nelles; J. E. Noordam; M. J. Norden; H. Paas; A. G. Polatidis; W. Reich; A. Renting; H. Röttgering; A. Schoenmakers; D. Schwarz; J. Sluman; O. Smirnov; B. W. Stappers; M. Steinmetz; Michel Tagger; Y. Tang; S. ter Veen; S. Thoudam; R. Vermeulen; C. Vocks; C. Vogt; R. A. M. J. Wijers; O. Wucknitz; S. Yatawatta; P. Zarka

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201425210

Journal articles

The LOFAR Multifrequency Snapshot Sky Survey (MSSS). I. Survey description and first results

G. H. Heald ¹ R. F. Pizzo ¹ E. Orrú ¹ R. P. Breton ² D. Carbone C. Ferrari M. J. Hardcastle ³ W. Jurusik ⁴ G. Macario ⁵ D. Mulcahy ⁶ D. Rafferty A. Asgekar ¹ M. Brentjens ¹ R. A. Fallows W. Frieswijk ¹ M. C. Toribio B. Adebahr M. Arts M. R. Bell ⁶ A. Bonafede ⁷ J. Bray J. Broderick ⁶ T. Cantwell P. Carroll Y. Cendes ⁸ A. O. Clarke J. Croston S. Daiboo ⁹ F. de Gasperin ¹⁰ J. Gregson J. Harwood T. Hassall V. Heesen ¹¹ A. Horneffer A. J. van der Horst ⁸ M. Iacobelli V. Jelić D. Jones D. Kant G. Kokotanekov ⁸ P. Martin J. P. Mckean ¹ L. K. Morabito ¹² B. Nikiel-Wroczyński A. Offringa V. N. Pandey ¹ M. Pandey-Pommier ¹³ M. Pietka L. Pratley C. Riseley A. Rowlinson ¹⁴ J. Sabater A. M. M. Scaife ¹¹ L. H. A. Scheers K. Sendlinger A. Shulevski M. Sipior C. Sobey ¹⁵ A. J. Stewart ¹⁶ A. Stroe J. Swinbank ⁸ C. Tasse ¹⁷ J. Trüstedt E. Varenius S. van Velzen ¹ N. Vilchez ¹⁸ R. J. van Weeren ¹⁹ S. Wijnholds ¹ W. L. Williams ²⁰ A. G. de Bruyn R. Nijboer ¹ M. Wise ⁸ A. Alexov ¹ J. Anderson I. M. Avruch ²¹ R. Beck M. E. Bell ⁶ I. van Bemmel ¹ M. J. Bentum G. Bernardi ²² P. Best F. Breitling ²³ W. N. Brouw M. Brüggen ⁷ H. R. Butcher ²⁴ B. Ciardi ²⁵ J. E. Conway ²⁶ E. de Geus A. de Jong M. de Vos ¹ A. Deller ¹ R.-J. Dettmar ²⁷ S. Duscha J. Eislöffel ²⁸ D. Engels ¹⁰ H. Falcke ²⁹ R. Fender ⁶ M. A. Garrett ²⁰ Jean-Mathias Grießmeier ^{30, 31} A. W. Gunst J. P. Hamaker J. W. T. Hessels ⁸ M. Hoeft ²⁸ J. Hörandel ²⁹ H. A. Holties ¹ H. Intema ²⁰ N. J. Jackson E. Jütte A. Karastergiou W. F. A. Klijn V. I. Kondratiev ¹ L. V. E. Koopmans M. Kuniyoshi ¹⁵ G. Kuper ¹ C. Law ⁸ J. van Leeuwen ^{8, 1} M. Loose P. Maat S. Markoff ⁸ R. Mcfadden D. Mckay-Bukowski M. Mevius ¹ J. C. A. Miller-Jones R. Morganti H. Munk A. Nelles ²⁹ J. E. Noordam ¹ M. J. Norden ¹ H. Paas A. G. Polatidis ¹ W. Reich ¹⁵ A. Renting ¹ H. Röttgering ²⁰ A. Schoenmakers ¹ D. Schwarz J. Sluman ¹ O. Smirnov B. W. Stappers M. Steinmetz ³² Michel Tagger ³¹ Y. Tang S. ter Veen ³³ S. Thoudam ²⁹ R. Vermeulen ¹ C. Vocks ²³ C. Vogt ¹ R. A. M. J. Wijers O. Wucknitz S. Yatawatta ¹ P. Zarka ⁹

1 ASTRON - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy

2 Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics

3 UH - University of Hertfordshire [Hatfield]

4 UJ - Jagiellonian University [Krakow]

5 LAGRANGE - Joseph Louis LAGRANGE

6 University of Southampton

7 Jacobs University [Bremen]

8 AI PANNEKOEK - Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek

9 LESIA - Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique

10 Hamburger Sternwarte/Hamburg Observatory

11 School of Physics and Astronomy [Southampton]

12 CEE - Centre d'études européennes et de politique comparée

13 CRAL - Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon

14 CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science

15 MPIFR - Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie

16 LASP - Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder]

17 LESIA (UMR_8109) - Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique

18 IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie

19 CfA - Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

20 Leiden Observatory [Leiden]

21 SRON - SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

22 LPNHE (UMR_7585) - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies

23 AIP - Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam

24 RSAA - Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics [Canberra]

25 Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics

26 LANL - Los Alamos National Laboratory

27 Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum

28 TLS - Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg

29 Radboud university [Nijmegen]

30 USN - Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay

31 LPC2E - Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace

32 DSMZ - Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH / Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures

33 IMAPP - Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics

Abstract : We present the Multifrequency Snapshot Sky Survey (MSSS), the first northern-sky LOFAR imaging survey. In this introductory paper, we first describe in detail the motivation and design of the survey. Compared to previous radio surveys, MSSS is exceptional due to its intrinsic multifrequency nature providing information about the spectral properties of the detected sources over more than two octaves (from 30 to 160 MHz). The broadband frequency coverage, together with the fast survey speed generated by LOFAR's multibeaming capabilities, make MSSS the first survey of the sort anticipated to be carried out with the forthcoming Square Kilometre Array (SKA). Two of the sixteen frequency bands included in the survey were chosen to exactly overlap the frequency coverage of large-area Very Large Array (VLA) and Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) surveys at 74 MHz and 151 MHz respectively. The survey performance is illustrated within the "MSSS Verification Field" (MVF), a region of 100 square degrees centered at J2000 (RA,Dec)=(15h,69deg). The MSSS results from the MVF are compared with previous radio survey catalogs. We assess the flux and astrometric uncertainties in the catalog, as well as the completeness and reliability considering our source finding strategy. We determine the 90% completeness levels within the MVF to be 100 mJy at 135 MHz with 108" resolution, and 550 mJy at 50 MHz with 166" resolution. Images and catalogs for the full survey, expected to contain 150,000-200,000 sources, will be released to a public web server. We outline the plans for the ongoing production of the final survey products, and the ultimate public release of images and source catalogs.

Keywords : Surveys Radio continuum: general

Document type :

Journal articles

Domain :

Sciences of the Universe [physics] / Astrophysics [astro-ph]

Sciences of the Universe [physics]

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