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LOFAR MSSS: detection of a low-frequency radio transient in 400 h of monitoring of the North Celestial Pole

A. J. Stewart ¹ R. P. Fender ² J. W. Broderick ² T. E. Hassall ³ T. Muñoz-Darias ⁴ A. Rowlinson ⁵ J. D. Swinbank ⁶ T. D. Staley ⁷ G. J. Molenaar ⁶ B. Scheers ⁶ T. L. Grobler ⁸ M. Pietka ⁹ G. Heald ⁵ J. P. Mckean ⁵ M. E. Bell ¹⁰ A. Bonafede ¹¹ R. P. Breton ³ D. Carbone ¹² Y. Cendes ⁶ A. O. Clarke ³ Stéphane Corbel ^{13, 14} F. De gasperin ¹⁵ J. Eislöffel ¹⁶ H. Falcke ^{17, 5} C. Ferrari ¹⁸ Jean-Mathias Griessmeier ^{14, 19} M. J. Hardcastle ²⁰ V. Heesen ⁴ J. W. T. Hessels ¹² A. Horneffer ²¹ M. Iacobelli ²² P. Jonker ²³ A. Karastergiou ⁹ G. Kokotanekov ⁶ V. I. Kondratiev ⁵ M. Kuniyoshi ²¹ C. J. Law ⁶ J. Van leeuwen ⁵ S. Markoff ⁶ J. C. A. Miller-Jones ²⁴ D. Mulcahy ³ E. Orru ⁵ M. Pandey-Pommier ²⁵ L. Pratley ²⁶ E. Rol ⁶ H. J. A. Röttgering ²² A. M. M. Scaife ⁴ A. Shulevski ²⁷ C. A. Sobey ²¹ B. W. Stappers ³ C. Tasse ^{28, 29} A. J. Van der horst ³⁰ S. Van velzen ¹⁷ R. J. Van weeren ³¹ R. A. M. J. Wijers ³² R. Wijnands ⁶ M. Wise ^{6, 5} P. Zarka ^{33, 34, 14} A. Alexov ⁵ J. Anderson ³⁵ A. Asgekar ⁵ I. M. Avruch ³⁶ M. J. Bentum ⁵ G. Bernardi ³⁷ P. Best ³⁸ F. Breitling ³⁹ M. Brüggen ¹¹ H. R. Butcher ⁵ B. Ciardi ⁴⁰ J. E. Conway ⁴¹ A. Corstanje ¹⁷ E. De geus ⁵ A. Deller ⁵ S. Duscha ⁵ W. Frieswijk ⁵ M. A. Garrett ^{22, 5} A. W. Gunst ⁵ M. P. Van haarlem ⁵ M. Hoeft ¹⁶ J. Hörandel ¹⁷ E. Juette ⁴² G. Kuper ⁵ M. Loose ⁵ P. Maat ⁵ R. Mcfadden ⁵ D. Mckay-Bukowski ⁴³ J. Moldon ^{5, 44} H. Munk ⁵ M. J. Norden ⁵ H. Paas ⁴⁵ A. G. Polatidis ⁵ D. Schwarz ⁴⁶ J. Sluman ⁵ O. Smirnov ⁸ M. Steinmetz ⁴⁷ S. Thoudam ¹⁷ M. C. Toribio ⁴⁸ R. Vermeulen ⁵ C. Vocks ³⁹ S. J. Wijnholds ⁵ O. Wucknitz ⁴⁹ S. Yatawatta ⁵

1 LASP - Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder]

2 University of Southampton

3 Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics

4 School of Physics and Astronomy [Southampton]

5 ASTRON - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy

6 AI PANNEKOEK - Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek

7 Oxford Astrophysics

8 Rhodes University, Grahamstown

9 Oxford Astrophysics

10 CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science

11 Jacobs University [Bremen]

12 UvA - University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam]

13 AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112) - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation

14 USN - Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay

15 UHH - Universität Hamburg

16 TLS - Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg

17 Radboud university [Nijmegen]

18 Département de Géologie

19 LPC2E - Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace

20 UH - University of Hertfordshire [Hatfield]

21 MPIFR - Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie

22 Leiden Observatory [Leiden]

23 IMAPP - Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics

24 Curtin University [Perth]

25 CRAL - Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon

26 Victoria University of Wellington

27 Kapteyn Astronomical Institute [Groningen]

28 SKA South Africa

29 GEPI - Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation

30 GW - Department of Mathematics [George Washington University]

31 CfA - Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

32 Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy

33 OP - Observatoire de Paris - Site de Paris

34 LESIA - Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique

35 Institute for Mathematics Applied to Geoscience

36 SRON - SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

37 LPNHE - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies

38 University of Edinburgh

39 AIP - Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam

40 Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics

41 Onsala Space Observatory, Dept. of Radio and Space Science, Chalmers University of Technology

42 Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum]

43 University of Oulu

44 Departament d'Astronomia i Meteorologia [Barcelona]

45 Center for Information Technology CIT

46 Interactions Son Musique Mouvement

STMS - Sciences et Technologies de la Musique et du Son

47 DSMZ - Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH / Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures

48 Finca El Encin

49 AlfA - Argelander-Institut für Astronomie

Abstract : We present the results of a four-month campaign searching for low-frequency radio transients near the North Celestial Pole with the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR), as part of the Multifrequency Snapshot Sky Survey (MSSS). The data were recorded between 2011 December and 2012 April and comprised 2149 11-minute snapshots, each covering 175 deg^2. We have found one convincing candidate astrophysical transient, with a duration of a few minutes and a flux density at 60 MHz of 15-25 Jy. The transient does not repeat and has no obvious optical or high-energy counterpart, as a result of which its nature is unclear. The detection of this event implies a transient rate at 60 MHz of 3.9 (+14.7, -3.7) x 10^-4 day^-1 deg^-2, and a transient surface density of 1.5 x 10^-5 deg^-2, at a 7.9-Jy limiting flux density and ~10-minute time-scale. The campaign data were also searched for transients at a range of other time-scales, from 0.5 to 297 min, which allowed us to place a range of limits on transient rates at 60 MHz as a function of observation duration.

Keywords : instrumentation: interferometers – techniques: image processing – radio continuum: general.

Document type :

Journal articles

Domain :

Sciences of the Universe [physics]

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