R. Caress, D. W. , M. K. Mcnutt, R. S. Detrick, and J. C. Mutter, Seismic imaging of hotspot-related crustal underplating beneath the Marquesas Islands, Nature, vol.373, issue.6515, pp.600-603, 1995.
DOI : 10.1038/373600a0

R. L. Carlson and H. P. Johnson, On modeling the thermal evolution of the oceanic upper mantle: An assessment of the cooling plate model, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.88, issue.B2, pp.3201-3214, 1994.
DOI : 10.1029/93JB02696

M. F. Coffin and O. Eldholm, Large igneous provinces: Crustal structure, dimensions, and external consequences, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.14, issue.43, pp.1-36, 1994.
DOI : 10.1029/93RG02508

V. Courtillot, A. Davaille, J. Besse, and J. Stock, Three distinct types of hotspots in the Earth???s mantle, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.205, issue.3-4, pp.295-308, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01048-8

A. G. Crosby, D. Mckenzie, and J. G. Sclater, The relationship between depth, age and gravity in the oceans, Geophysical Journal International, vol.166, issue.2, pp.553-573, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03015.x

A. Davaille and C. Jaupart, Onset of thermal convection in fluids with temperature-dependent viscosity: Application to the oceanic mantle, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.66, issue.B10, pp.853-872, 1994.
DOI : 10.1029/94JB01405

G. F. Davies, Ocean bathymetry and mantle convection: 1. Large-scale flow and hotspots, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.41, issue.B9, pp.467-10480, 1988.
DOI : 10.1029/JB093iB09p10467

G. F. Davies, Ocean bathymetry and mantle convection: 2. Small-scale flow, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.83, issue.B9, pp.481-10488, 1988.
DOI : 10.1029/JB093iB09p10481

G. F. Davies, Dynamic Earth: Plates, Plumes and Mantle Convection, 1999.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511605802

G. F. Davies, A case for mantle plumes, Chinese Science Bulletin, vol.50, issue.15, pp.1541-1554, 2005.
DOI : 10.1360/982005-918

G. F. Davies and F. Pribac, Mesozoic seafloor subsidence and the Darwin Rise, past and present, in The Mesozoic Pacific, Geophys. Monogr. Ser, vol.77, pp.39-52, 1993.

M. P. Doin and L. Fleitout, Flattening of the oceanic topography and geoid: thermal versus dynamic origin, Geophysical Journal International, vol.143, issue.3, pp.582-594, 2000.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-246X.2000.00229.x

C. Dumoulin, M. P. Doin, and L. Fleitout, Numerical simulations of the cooling of an oceanic lithosphere above a convective mantle, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, vol.125, issue.1-4, pp.45-64, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-9201(01)00233-3

R. N. Harris, R. P. Von-herzen, M. K. Mcnutt, G. Garven, and K. Jordahl, Submarine hydrogeology of the Hawaiian archipelagic apron: 1. Heat flow patterns north of Oahu and Maro Reef, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.99, issue.B9, pp.353-21369, 2000.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JB900165

R. L. Heestand and T. S. Crough, The effect of hot spots on the oceanic age-depth relation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.29, issue.B7, pp.107-76, 1981.
DOI : 10.1029/JB086iB07p06107

J. K. Hillier and A. B. Watts, ???Plate-like??? subsidence of the East Pacific Rise-South Pacific superswell system, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.14, issue.14, pp.10-1029, 2004.
DOI : 10.1029/2001GL013913

J. K. Hillier and A. B. Watts, Relationship between depth and age in the North Pacific Ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.66, issue.4, pp.10-1029, 2005.
DOI : 10.1029/2004JB003153

J. Huang and S. Zhong, Sublithospheric small-scale convection and its implications for the residual topography at old ocean basins and the plate model, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.105, issue.19, pp.10-1029, 2005.
DOI : 10.1029/2004JB003153

J. Huang, S. Zhong, and J. Van-hunen, Controls on sublithospheric small-scale convection, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.105, issue.19, pp.240510-1029, 2003.
DOI : 10.1029/2003JB002456

A. M. Jellinek, H. M. Gonnermann, and M. A. Richards, Plume capture by divergent plate motions: implications for the distribution of hotspots, geochemistry of mid-ocean ridge basalts, and estimates of the heat flux at the core???mantle boundary, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.205, issue.3-4, pp.361-378, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01070-1

M. L. Leahy and J. Park, Hunting for oceanic island Moho, Geophysical Journal International, vol.160, issue.3, pp.1020-1026, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02562.x

C. R. Lister, J. G. Sclater, E. E. Davis, H. Villinger, and S. Nagihara, Heat flow maintained in ocean basins of great age: investigations in the north-equatorial West Pacific, Geophysical Journal International, vol.102, issue.3, pp.603-630, 1990.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1990.tb04586.x

C. Lithgow-bertelloni and P. G. Silver, Dynamic topography, plate driving forces and the African superswell, Nature, vol.395, issue.6699, pp.269-272, 1998.
DOI : 10.1038/26212

B. D. Malamud and D. L. Turcotte, How many plumes are there?, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.174, issue.1-2, pp.113-124, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00257-5

J. C. Marty and A. Cazenave, Regional variations in subsidence rate of oceanic plates: a global analysis, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.94, issue.3-4, pp.301-315, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0012-821X(89)90148-9

D. P. Mckenzie, Some remarks on heat flow and gravity anomalies, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.66, issue.15, pp.6261-6273, 1967.
DOI : 10.1029/JZ072i024p06261

M. K. Mcnutt, Superswells, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.14, issue.441, pp.211-244, 1998.
DOI : 10.1029/98RG00255

R. Montelli, G. Nolet, F. A. Dahlen, G. Masters, E. R. Engdahl et al., Finite-Frequency Tomography Reveals a Variety of Plumes in the Mantle, Science, vol.303, issue.5656, pp.338-343, 2004.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1092485

R. Montelli, G. Nolet, F. A. Dahlen, and G. Masters, A catalogue of deep mantle plumes: New results from finite-frequency tomography, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, vol.105, issue.B9, pp.10-1029, 2006.
DOI : 10.1029/2006GC001248
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00407613

W. B. Moore, G. Schubert, and P. Tackley, Three-Dimensional Simulations of Plume-Lithosphere Interaction at the Hawaiian Swell, Science, vol.279, issue.5353, pp.1008-1011, 1998.
DOI : 10.1126/science.279.5353.1008

W. J. Morgan, Plate motions and deep mantle convection, Mem, Geol. Soc. Am, vol.132, pp.7-22, 1972.

R. D. Müller, W. R. Roest, J. Royer, L. M. Gahagan, and J. G. Sclater, Digital isochrons of the world's ocean floor, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.86, issue.44, pp.3211-3214, 1997.
DOI : 10.1029/96JB01781

O. Connell, R. J. , and B. H. Hager, On the thermal state of the Earth, Physics of the Earth's Interior, pp.270-317, 1980.

P. Olson, Hot spots, swells and mantle plumes, Magma Transport and Storage, pp.33-51, 1990.

S. V. Panasyuk and B. Hager, Models of isostatic and dynamic topography, geoid anomalies, and their uncertainties, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.146, issue.113, pp.199-28209, 2000.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JB900249

B. Parsons and D. Mckenzie, Mantle convection and the thermal structure of the plates, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.9, issue.B9, pp.4485-4496, 1978.
DOI : 10.1029/JB083iB09p04485

B. Parsons and J. G. Sclater, An analysis of the variation of ocean floor bathymetry and heat flow with age, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.13, issue.5, pp.803-827, 1977.
DOI : 10.1029/JB082i005p00803

K. Priestley and D. Mckenzie, The thermal structure of the lithosphere from shear wave velocities, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.244, issue.1-2, pp.285-301, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.01.008

M. L. Renkin and J. G. Sclater, Depth and age in the north Pacific, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.58, issue.18, pp.2910-2935, 1988.
DOI : 10.1029/JB093iB04p02919

N. M. Ribe and U. R. Christensen, Three-dimensional modeling of plume-lithosphere interaction, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.18, issue.B1, pp.669-683, 1994.
DOI : 10.1029/93JB02386

J. Ritsema, H. J. Van-heijst, and J. H. Woodhouse, Complex Shear Wave Velocity Structure Imaged Beneath Africa and Iceland, Complex shear wave velocity structure imaged beneath Africa and Iceland, pp.1925-1928, 1999.
DOI : 10.1126/science.286.5446.1925

M. H. Ritzwoller, N. M. Shapiro, and S. Zhong, Cooling history of the Pacific lithosphere, Cooling history of the Pacific lithosphere, pp.69-84, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.07.032

B. Romanowicz and Y. C. Gung, Superplumes from the Core-Mantle Boundary to the Lithosphere: Implications for Heat Flux, Science, vol.296, issue.5567, pp.513-516, 2002.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1069404

W. Schroeder, The empirical age-depth relation and depth anomalies in the Pacific Ocean Basin, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.66, issue.B12, pp.9873-9883, 1984.
DOI : 10.1029/JB089iB12p09873

N. M. Shapiro and M. H. Ritzwoller, Thermodynamic constraints on seismic inversions, Thermodynamic constraints on seismic inversions, pp.1175-1188, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02254.x

N. H. Sleep, Hotspots and mantle plumes: Some phenomenology, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.93, issue.B5, pp.6715-6736, 1990.
DOI : 10.1029/JB095iB05p06715

W. H. Smith and D. T. Sandwell, Global Sea Floor Topography from Satellite Altimetry and Ship Depth Soundings, Science, vol.277, issue.5334, pp.1956-1962, 1997.
DOI : 10.1126/science.277.5334.1956

C. A. Stein and S. Stein, A model for the global variation in oceanic depth and heat flow with lithospheric age, Nature, vol.359, issue.6391, pp.123-129, 1992.
DOI : 10.1038/359123a0

U. S. Ten-brink and T. M. Brocher, Multichannel seismic evidence for a subcrustal intrusive complex under Oahu and a model for Hawaiian volcanism, J. Geophys. Res, vol.92, issue.13, pp.687-13707, 1987.

J. Van-hunen, S. Zhong, N. M. Shapiro, and M. H. Ritzwoller, New evidence for dislocation creep from 3-D geodynamic modeling of the Pacific upper mantle structure, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.238, issue.1-2, pp.146-155, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.07.006

R. P. Von-herzen, M. J. Cordery, R. S. Detrick, and C. Fang, Heat flow and the thermal origin of hot spot swells: The Hawaiian Swell revisited, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.330, issue.B10, pp.783-13799, 1989.
DOI : 10.1029/JB094iB10p13783

P. Wessel, Global distribution of seamounts inferred from gridded Geosat/ERS-1 altimetry, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.19, issue.B9, pp.431-19441, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JB000083

C. J. Wolfe, I. T. Bjarnason, J. C. Vandecar, and S. C. Soloman, Seismic structure of the Iceland mantle plume, Seismic structure of the Iceland mantle plume, pp.245-247, 1997.
DOI : 10.1038/385245a0

S. Zhong, Dynamics of thermal plumes in three-dimensional isoviscous thermal convection, Geophysical Journal International, vol.162, issue.1, pp.289-300, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02633.x

S. Zhong, Constraints on thermochemical convection of the mantle from plume heat flux, plume excess temperature, and upper mantle temperature, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.105, issue.4, pp.10-1029, 2006.
DOI : 10.1029/2005JB003972

S. Zhong and A. B. Watts, Constraints on the dynamics of mantle plumes from uplift of the Hawaiian Islands, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.203, issue.1, pp.105-116, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00845-2