R. M. Bedini, J. Blichert-toft, M. Boyet, and F. Albarède, Isotopic constraints on the cooling of the continental lithosphere, Isotopic constraints on the cooling of the continental lithosphere, pp.99-111, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.04.012

R. Bell, Internally consistent geothermobarometers for garnet harzburgites: Model refinement and application, Fall Meet, 2002.

D. R. Bell and R. O. Moore, Deep chemical structure of the southern African mantle from kimberlite megacrysts, S. Afr, J. Geol, vol.107, pp.59-80, 2004.

F. R. Boyd and J. J. Gurney, Diamonds and the African Lithosphere, Diamonds in the African lithosphere, pp.472-477, 1986.
DOI : 10.1126/science.232.4749.472

F. R. Boyd and R. H. Mccallister, Densities of fertile and sterile garnet peridotites, Densities of fertile and sterile garnet lherzolites, pp.509-512, 1976.
DOI : 10.1029/GL003i009p00509

F. R. Boyd, J. J. Gurney, and S. H. Richardson, Evidence for a 150 ? 200 km thick Archean lithosphere from diamond inclusion thermobarometry, Nature, pp.315-387, 1985.

G. P. Brey and T. Kohler, Geothermobarometry in Four-phase Lherzolites II. New Thermobarometers, and Practical Assessment of Existing Thermobarometers, Journal of Petrology, vol.31, issue.6, pp.156-180, 1990.
DOI : 10.1093/petrology/31.6.1353

D. Canil and H. S. , Distribution of Ferric Iron in some Upper-Mantle Assemblages, Journal of Petrology, vol.37, issue.3, pp.609-635, 1996.
DOI : 10.1093/petrology/37.3.609

D. A. Carswell, The Garnet-Orthopyroxene Al Barometer: Problematic Application to Natural Garnet Lherzolite Assemblages, Mineralogical Magazine, vol.55, issue.378, pp.19-31, 1991.
DOI : 10.1180/minmag.1991.055.378.03

U. Christensen, Thermal evolution models for the Earth, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.5, issue.8, pp.2995-3007, 1985.
DOI : 10.1029/JB090iB04p02995

M. J. De-wit, C. Roering, R. J. Hart, R. A. Armstrong, C. E. De-ronde et al., Formation of an Archaean continent, Nature, vol.357, issue.6379, pp.553-562, 1992.
DOI : 10.1038/357553a0

A. V. Girnis, T. Stachel, G. P. Brey, J. W. Harris, and D. Phillips, Internally consistent geothermobarometers for garnet harzburgites: Model refinement and application, Proceedings of the 7th International Kimberlite Conference, Cape Town, pp.247-254, 1999.

M. Grégoire, D. R. Bell, and A. P. Le-roex, Garnet Lherzolites from the Kaapvaal Craton (South Africa): Trace Element Evidence for a Metasomatic History, Journal of Petrology, vol.44, issue.4, pp.629-657, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/petrology/44.4.629

W. L. Griffin, S. Y. O-'reilly, L. M. Natapov, and C. G. Ryan, The evolution of lithospheric mantle beneath the Kalahari Craton and its margins, Lithos, vol.71, issue.2-4, pp.71-215, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/j.lithos.2003.07.006

L. Guillou and C. Jaupart, On the effect of continents on mantle convection, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.98, issue.44, pp.217-24238, 1995.
DOI : 10.1029/95JB02518
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00562385

Y. Gung, M. Panning, and B. Romanowicz, Global anisotropy and the thickness of continents, Nature, vol.323, issue.6933, pp.707-711, 2003.
DOI : 10.1038/nature01559

J. J. Gurney and B. Harte, Chemical Variations in Upper Mantle Nodules from Southern African Kimberlites, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.297, issue.1431, pp.273-293, 1980.
DOI : 10.1098/rsta.1980.0215

C. T. Herzberg, Solidus and liquidus temperatures and mineralogies for anhydrous garnet-lherzolite to 15 GPa, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, vol.32, issue.2, pp.193-202, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/0031-9201(83)90139-5

A. Hofmeister, Mantle Values of Thermal Conductivity and the Geotherm from Phonon Lifetimes, Science, vol.283, issue.5408, pp.1699-1709, 1999.
DOI : 10.1126/science.283.5408.1699

J. J. Hops, J. J. Gurney, B. Harte, and P. Winterburn, Megacrysts and high temperature nodule from the Jagersfontein kimberlite pipe, in Kimberlites and Related Rocks, Their Mantle/Crust Setting, Diamonds and Diamond Exploration, pp.759-770, 1989.

D. E. James, M. J. Fouch, J. C. Vandecar, and S. Van-der-lee, Tectospheric structure beneath southern Africa, Tectospheric structure beneath southern Africa, pp.2485-2488, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/2000GL012578

C. Jaupart and J. C. , The thermal structure and thickness of continental roots, Lithos, vol.48, issue.1-4, pp.93-114, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0024-4937(99)00023-7

C. Jaupart, J. C. Mareschal, L. Guillou-frottier, and A. Davaille, Heat flow and thickness of the lithosphere in the Canadian Shield, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.98, issue.B7, pp.269-15286, 1998.
DOI : 10.1029/98JB01395
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00562366

M. Q. Jones, Heat flow in the Witwatersrand Basin and environs and its significance for the South African Shield Geotherm and lithosphere thickness, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.83, issue.B4, pp.3243-3260, 1988.
DOI : 10.1029/JB093iB04p03243

M. Q. Jones, Heat flow anomaly in Lesotho: Implications for the southern boundary of the Kaapvaal Craton, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.76, issue.20, pp.2031-2034, 1992.
DOI : 10.1029/92GL02207

M. Q. Jones, A review of heat flow in southern Africa and the thermal structure of the lithosphere, South. Afr. Geophys. Rev, vol.2, pp.115-122, 1998.

T. H. Jordan, The continental tectosphere, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.76, issue.2, pp.1-12, 1975.
DOI : 10.1029/RG013i003p00001

T. H. Jordan, Structure and Formation of the Continental Tectosphere, Journal of Petrology, vol.Special_Volume, issue.1, pp.11-37, 1988.
DOI : 10.1093/petrology/Special_Volume.1.11

E. Kaminski and C. Jaupart, Lithosphere structure beneath the Phanerozoic intracratonic basins of North America, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.178, issue.1-2, pp.139-149, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00067-4

T. Katsura, Thermal diffusivity of olivine under upper mantle conditions, Thermal diffusivity of olivine under upper mantle conditions, pp.63-69, 1995.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1995.tb03536.x

J. Korenaga, Archean geodynamics and the thermal evolution of Earth, Archean Geodynamics and Environments, vol.267, issue.B7, pp.7-32, 2006.
DOI : 10.1029/164GM03

A. Lenardic, Continental growth and the archean paradox, Archean Geodynamics and Environments, pp.33-45, 2006.
DOI : 10.1029/164GM04

A. Lenardic, L. Moresi, A. Jellinek, and M. Manga, Continental insulation, mantle cooling, and the surface area of oceans and continents, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.234, issue.3-4, pp.317-333, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.01.038

J. C. Mareschal and C. Jaupart, Variations of surface heat flow and lithospheric thermal structure beneath the North American craton, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.223, issue.1-2, pp.65-77, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.04.002

S. M. Mclennan and S. R. Taylor, Heat Flow and the Chemical Composition of Continental Crust, The Journal of Geology, vol.104, issue.4, pp.377-396, 1996.
DOI : 10.1086/629834

C. Michaut and C. Jaupart, Nonequilibrium temperatures and cooling rates in thick continental lithosphere, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.123, issue.1, pp.10-1029, 2004.
DOI : 10.1029/2004GL021092

L. O. Nicolaysen, R. J. Hart, and N. H. Gale, The Vredefort radioelement profile extended to supracrustal strata at Carletonville, with implications for continental heat flow, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.40, issue.B11, pp.653-10661, 1981.
DOI : 10.1029/JB086iB11p10653

F. Niu, A. Levander, C. M. Cooper, C. A. Lee, A. Lenardic et al., Seismic constraints on the depth and composition of the mantle keel beneath the Kaapvaal craton, Seismic constraints on the depth and composition of the mantle keel beneath the Kaapvaal craton, pp.337-346, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.05.011

D. G. Pearson, The age of continental roots, Lithos, vol.48, issue.1-4, pp.171-194, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0024-4937(99)00026-2

D. Phillips, J. W. Harris, and K. S. Viljoen, Mineral chemistry and thermobarometry of inclusions from de Beers pool diamonds, pp.155-179, 2004.

C. Pinet and C. Jaupart, The vertical distribution of radiogenic heat production in the Precambrian crust of Norway and Sweden: Geothermal implications, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.57, issue.2, pp.260-263, 1987.
DOI : 10.1029/GL014i003p00260

K. Priestley, Velocity structure of the continental upper mantle: evidence from southern Africa, Lithos, vol.48, issue.1-4, pp.45-56, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0024-4937(99)00021-3

R. F. Roy, A. E. Beck, and Y. S. Touloukian, Thermophysical properties of rocks, Physical Properties of Rocks, pp.409-502, 1981.

R. L. Rudnick and A. A. Nyblade, The thickness and heat production of Archean lithosphere: Constraints from xenolith thermobarometry and surface heat flow, in Mantle Petrology: Field Observations and High Pressure Experimentation: A Tribute to, pp.3-12, 1999.

R. L. Rudnick, W. F. Mcdonough, and R. O. Connell, Thermal structure, thickness and composition of continental lithosphere, Thermal structure, thickness and composition of continental lithosphere, pp.395-411, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00151-4

J. K. Russell and M. G. Kopylova, A steady state conductive geotherm for the north central Slave, Canada: Inversion of petrological data from the Jericho Kimberlite pipe, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.18, issue.1, pp.7089-7101, 1999.
DOI : 10.1029/1999JB900012

J. F. Schärmeli, Identification of Radiative Thermal Conductivity of Olivine up to 25 Kbar and 1500 K, Proceedings of the 6th AIRAPT Conference, pp.60-74, 1979.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4684-7470-1_144

G. Schatz and G. Simmons, Thermal conductivity of Earth materials at high temperatures, Thermal conductivity of Earth materials, pp.6966-6983, 1972.
DOI : 10.1029/JB077i035p06966

M. Schmitz and S. Bowring, Constraints on the thermal evolution of continental lithosphere from U-Pb accessory mineral thermochronometry of lower crustal xenoliths, southern Africa, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, vol.144, issue.5, pp.592-618, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s00410-002-0419-9

G. Schubert, D. Stevenson, and P. Cassen, Whole planet cooling and the radiogenic heat source contents of the Earth and Moon, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.279, issue.B5, pp.2531-2538, 1980.
DOI : 10.1029/JB085iB05p02531

P. G. Silver, M. Fouch, S. Gao, and M. Schmitz, Seismic anisotropy, mantle fabric and the magmatic evolution of Precambrian southern Africa, S. Afr, J. Geol, vol.107, pp.45-58, 2004.

C. P. Skinner, The petrology of peridotite xenoliths from the Finsch kimberlite, South Africa, Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Afr, vol.92, pp.197-206, 1989.

D. Smith, Temperatures and pressures of mineral equilibration in peridotite xenoliths: Review, discussion, and implications, in Mantle Petrology: Field Observations and High Pressure Experimentation: A Tribute to, pp.171-188, 1999.

A. Sudo and Y. Tatsumi, Phlogopite and K-amphibole in the upper mantle: Implication for magma genesis in subduction zones, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.267, issue.1, pp.29-32, 1990.
DOI : 10.1029/GL017i001p00029

W. Taylor, An experimental test of some geothermometer and geobarometer formulations for upper mantle peridotites with application to the thermobarometry of fertile lherzolite and garnet websterite, Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Abh, vol.172, pp.381-408, 1998.

P. H. Thompson, A. S. Judge, and T. J. Lewis, Thermal parameters in rock units of the Winter Lake-Lac de Gras area, Central Slave province, Northwest Territories. Implications for diamond genesis, Curr. Res, pp.125-135, 1995.
DOI : 10.4095/205196