R. Alvarez, Permafrost: Relation between ice content and dielectric losses at 100??K, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.20, issue.3, pp.409-414, 1973.
DOI : 10.1016/0012-821X(73)90018-6

K. R. Atkinson, Penetrometry of granular and moist planetary surface materials: Application to the Huygens landing site on Titan, Icarus, vol.210, issue.2, pp.843-851, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.07.019

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00693826

C. Béghin, M. Hamelin, and C. Sotin, Titan's native ocean revealed beneath some 45, 2010.

C. Béghin, Observation of 2nd Schumann eigenmode on Titan's surface, Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems, vol.2, issue.2, pp.237-248, 2013.
DOI : 10.5194/gi-2-237-2013

C. Bettanini, M. Zaccariotto, and F. Angrilli, Analysis of the HASI accelerometers data measured during the impact phase of the Huygens probe on the surface of Titan by means of a simulation with a finite-element model, Planetary and Space Science, vol.56, issue.5, pp.715-727, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pss.2007.10.010

R. N. Clark, and 15 colleagues, Detection and mapping of hydrocarbon deposits on Titan, J

D. Eisenberg and W. Kauzmann, The structure and properties of water, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198570264.001.0001

P. Falkner, Permittivitäts Wellen und Altimeter Analysator für der ESA/NASA Projekt Cassini-Huygens, 2004.

M. Fulchignoni, The characterisation of Titan's atmospheric physical properties by the Huygens Atmospheric Structure Instrument (HASI), Space Sci, 2002.

M. Fulchignoni, In situ measurements of the physical characteristics of Titan's environment, Nature, vol.8, issue.1, pp.785-79110, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/nature04314

R. Grard, A quadrupole system for measuring in situ the complex permittivity of materials: application to penetrators and landers for planetary exploration, Measurement Science and Technology, vol.1, issue.8, 1990.
DOI : 10.1088/0957-0233/1/8/022

R. Grard, A quadrupolar array for measuring the complex permittivity of the ground: application to Earth prospection and planetary exploration, Measurement Science and Technology, vol.1, issue.3, p.295, 1990.
DOI : 10.1088/0957-0233/1/3/016

R. Grard, An experimental investigation of atmospheric electricity and lightning activity to be performed during the descent of the Huygens Probe onto Titan, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, vol.57, issue.5, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0021-9169(94)00082-Y

R. Grard, Electric properties and related physical characteristics of the atmosphere and surface of Titan, Planetary and Space Science, vol.54, issue.12, pp.1124-1136, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pss.2006.05.036

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00157800

C. Griffits, A. and 4 colleagues Evidence for the Exposure of Water Ice on Titan's Surface, Science, pp.300-628, 2003.

M. Hamelin, Surface and sub-surface electrical measurement of titan with the PWA-HASI experiment on HUYGENS, Advances in Space Research, vol.26, issue.10, pp.1697-1704, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0273-1177(00)00113-7

M. Hamelin, Electron conductivity and density profiles derived from the mutual impedance probe measurements performed during the descent of Huygens through the atmosphere of Titan, Planetary and Space Science, vol.55, issue.13, 1964.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pss.2007.04.008

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00157802

R. Jaumann, Fluvial erosion and post-erosional processes on Titan, Icarus, vol.197, issue.2, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.06.002

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00499090

I. Jernej and P. Falkner, HASI-PWA calibration document. HASI-PWA-FM-DOC-41, 2004.

E. Karkoschka, DISR imaging and the geometry of the descent of the Huygens probe within Titan's atmosphere, Planetary and Space Science, vol.55, issue.13, pp.1896-1935, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pss.2007.04.019

E. Karkoschka and M. G. Tomasko, Rain and dewdrops on titan based on in situ imaging, Icarus, vol.199, issue.2, pp.442-448, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.09.020

S. Kawada, Dielectric Anisotropy in Ice Ih, Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, vol.44, issue.6, pp.1881-1886, 1978.
DOI : 10.1143/JPSJ.44.1881

D. Lebleu, Huygens Probe: Probe reference data for post fight analysis, 2005.

J. Lebreton and D. L. Matson, The Huygens Probe: Science, Payload and Mission Overview, Space Sci. Rev, vol.104, pp.59-100, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-017-3251-2_2

J. Lebreton, An overview of the descent and landing of the Huygens probe on Titan, Nature, vol.5, issue.7069, pp.758-764, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/nature04347

M. R. Leese, The Huygens surface science package (SSP): Flight performance review and lessons learned, Planetary and Space Science, vol.70, issue.1, pp.28-45
DOI : 10.1016/j.pss.2012.06.005

L. Gall, Latitudinal and altitudinal controls of Titan???s dune field morphometry, Icarus, vol.217, issue.1, pp.231-242, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.10.024

L. Gall, Composition, seasonal change and bathymetry of Ligeia Mare, Titan, derived from its 2.2-cm thermal emission, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01211601

A. Lethuillier, Measuring the permittivity of the surface of the Churyumov-Gerasimenko nucleus: the PP-SESAME experiment on board the, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01113557

R. M. Lopes, Distribution and interplay of geologic processes on Titan from Cassini radar data, Icarus, vol.205, issue.2, pp.540-558, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.010

J. J. López-moreno, Structure of Titan's low altitude ionized layer from the Relaxation Probe onboard HUYGENS, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.308, issue.22, pp.10-1029, 2008.
DOI : 10.1029/2008GL035338

L. R. Storey, M. P. Aubry, and P. Meyer, A quadrupole probe for the study of ionospheric resonances, Plasma waves in space and in the laboratory, pp.303-332, 1969.

W. R. Thompson and S. W. Squyres, Titan and other icy satellites: Dielectric properties of constituent materials and implications for radar sounding, Icarus, vol.86, issue.2, pp.336-354, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0019-1035(90)90224-W

G. Tobie, Titan's internal structure inferred from a coupled thermal-orbital model, Icarus, vol.175, issue.2, pp.496-502, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.12.007

M. G. Tomasko, Rain, winds and haze during the Huygens probe's descent to Titan's surface, Nature, vol.133, issue.7069, pp.765-77810, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/nature04126

M. C. Towner, Physical properties of Titan's surface at the Huygens landing site from the Surface Science Package Acoustic Properties sensor (API-S), Icarus, vol.185, issue.2, pp.457-465, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.07.013

R. Trautner and P. Falkner, Equivalent circuit model, systematic error calculation and measurement range estimation for HASI-PWA mutual impedance (MI) probe, 2000.

F. Wenner, A method for measuring earth resistivity, Journal of the Franklin Institute, vol.180, issue.3, 1915.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-0032(15)90298-3

K. E. Williams, C. P. Mckay, and F. Persson, The surface energy balance at the Huygens landing site and the moist surface conditions on Titan, Planetary and Space Science, vol.60, issue.1, pp.376-385, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pss.2011.11.005

J. C. Zarnecki, and 4 colleagues Huygens's surface science package, Space Science Reviews, vol.104, issue.1/4, pp.593-611, 2002.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1023628321189

J. C. Zarnecki, A soft solid surface on Titan as revealed by the Huygens Surface Science Package, Nature, vol.435, issue.7069, pp.792-79510, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/nature04211