Key factors controlling the real exhaust emissions from earthwork machines
Résumé
This study focuses on the actual exhaust emissions of regulated and unregulated pollutantsfrom earthwork machines (EM). In addition to providing a realistic assessment of gaseousand particulate emissions from key EM and filling critical data gaps in emission inventories,it emphasizes the importance of breaking down the average operating emission factors intotask-related emission factors (TEF). The latter serve many goals, namely by: categorizingEM in relation to their emission dynamics, finding emission determinants and proposingon-site emission mitigation strategies. These have also led to a more refined analysis ofboth the effectiveness of EU and US emissions standards and the accuracy ofNONROAD2008 model. Ultimately, by using task-related emission factors in conjunctionwith data available from the literature and with the methodology developed by US-EPA,a lower bound was estimated for gaseous exhaust emissions from the major constructionvehicles operable at earthwork sites.