MAVEN observations of the response of Mars to an interplanetary coronal mass ejection
(1)
,
(2)
,
(3)
,
(2)
,
(1)
,
(1)
,
(4)
,
(3)
,
(2)
,
(3)
,
(3)
,
(1)
,
(5)
,
(6)
,
(1)
,
(7)
,
(8)
,
(1)
,
(9)
,
(10)
,
(1)
,
(11)
,
(2)
,
(1)
,
(2)
,
(12)
,
(13)
,
(2)
,
(6)
,
(1)
,
(14)
,
(1)
,
(3)
,
(3)
,
(1)
,
(3)
,
(1)
,
(2)
,
(6)
,
(1)
,
(3)
,
(2)
,
(3)
,
(9)
,
(2)
,
(15)
,
(1)
,
(3)
,
(1)
,
(1)
,
(16)
,
(17)
,
(2)
,
(3)
,
(3)
,
(1)
,
(1)
,
(3)
,
(12)
,
(3)
,
(6)
,
(18)
,
(3)
,
(3)
,
(17)
,
(19)
,
(1)
,
(1)
,
(12)
,
(18)
,
(1)
,
(6)
,
(6)
,
(1)
,
(14)
,
(4)
,
(7)
,
(14)
,
(8)
,
(20)
,
(8)
,
(21)
,
(1)
,
(1)
,
(17)
,
(6)
,
(1)
,
(11)
,
(8)
,
(19)
,
(1)
,
(19)
,
(1)
,
(17)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Bruce M. Jakosky
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 965550
Jasper Halekas
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 761495
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5258-6128
Davin Larson
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 759345
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5030-6030
Stephen Bougher
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 773148
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4178-2729
David Brain
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 775585
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8932-368X
David Andrews
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 775582
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7933-0322
Mehdi Benna
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 766147
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2770-4820
Jean-Yves Chaufray
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 175063
- IdHAL : jean-yves-chaufray
- IdRef : 12289877X
Shannon Curry
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 773145
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7463-9419
Justin Deighan
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1043420
Chuanfei Dong
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 773147
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8990-094X
Scott England
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 775592
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5336-0040
Anders Eriksson
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 771171
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3436-3726
Jared Espley
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 775588
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6371-9683
Xiaohua Fang
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 770403
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6584-2837
Matthew Fillingim
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 775589
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8494-8530
François Leblanc
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 175354
- IdHAL : francois-leblanc69
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5548-3519
- IdRef : 223432296
R. Livi
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 766269
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0396-0547
Franck Montmessin
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 174267
- IdHAL : franck-montmessin
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4187-1457
- IdRef : 092850618
Michiko Morooka
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 758094
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9958-0241
Ali Rahmati
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 775593
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0519-6498
M. Stevens
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 759141
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7728-0085
Paul Withers
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 775594
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3084-4581
Abstract
Coupling between the lower and upper atmosphere, combined with loss of gas from the upper atmosphere to space, likely contributed to the thin, cold, dry atmosphere of modern Mars. To help understand ongoing ion loss to space, the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft made comprehensive measurements of the Mars upper atmosphere, ionosphere, and interactions with the Sun and solar wind during an interplanetary coronal mass ejection impact in March 2015. Responses include changes in the bow shock and magnetosheath, formation of widespread diffuse aurora, and enhancement of pick-up ions. Observations and models both show an enhancement in escape rate of ions to space during the event. Ion loss during solar events early in Mars history may have been a major contributor to the long-term evolution of the Mars atmosphere.