J. M. Albert and Y. Y. Shprits, Estimates of lifetimes against pitch angle diffusion, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, vol.71, issue.16, pp.1647-1652, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jastp.2008.07.004

O. Amm and K. Kauristie, Ionospheric Signatures Of Bursty Bulk Flows, Surveys in Geophysics, vol.23, issue.1, pp.1-32, 2002.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1014871323023

O. Amm, R. Nakamura, T. Takada, K. Kauristie, H. U. Frey et al., Observations of an auroral streamer in a double oval configuration, Annales Geophysicae, vol.29, issue.4, pp.701-71610, 2011.
DOI : 10.5194/angeo-29-701-2011

V. Angelopoulos, The THEMIS Mission, Space Science Reviews, vol.27, issue.1/2, pp.5-3410, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s11214-008-9336-1
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00479935

V. Angelopoulos, W. Baumjohann, C. F. Kennel, F. V. Coronti, M. G. Kivelson et al., Bursty bulk flows in the inner central plasma sheet, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.90, issue.A4, pp.4027-403910, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/91JA02701

V. Angelopoulos, Statistical characteristics of bursty bulk flow events, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.73, issue.489, pp.257-2110, 1994.
DOI : 10.1029/94JA01263

V. Angelopoulos, Multipoint analysis of a bursty bulk flow event on April 11, 1985, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.95, issue.A3, pp.4967-499010, 1985.
DOI : 10.1029/95JA02722

A. Artemyev, V. Krasnoselskikh, O. Agapitov, D. Mourenas, and G. Rolland, Non-diffusive resonant acceleration of electrons in the radiation belts, Physics of Plasmas, vol.19, issue.12, pp.10-1063, 2012.
DOI : 10.1063/1.4769726
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01259507

A. V. Artemyev, A. I. Neishtadt, L. M. Zelenyi, and D. L. Vainchtein, Adiabatic description of capture into resonance and surfatron acceleration of charged particles by electromagnetic waves, Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, vol.20, issue.4, pp.43-128, 2010.
DOI : 10.1063/1.3518360

H. U. Auster, The THEMIS Fluxgate Magnetometer, Space Science Reviews, vol.54, issue.1-4, pp.235-26410, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s11214-008-9365-9

W. Baumjohann, Modes of convection in the magnetotail, Physics of Plasmas, vol.9, issue.9, pp.3665-366710, 2002.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1499116

W. Baumjohann, G. Paschmann, and C. A. , Average plasma properties in the central plasma sheet, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.90, issue.A6, pp.6597-660610, 1989.
DOI : 10.1029/JA094iA06p06597

W. Baumjohann, G. Paschmann, and H. Luehr, Characteristics of high-speed ion flows in the plasma sheet, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.86, issue.A4, pp.3801-3809, 1990.
DOI : 10.1029/JA095iA04p03801

W. Baumjohann, G. Paschmann, T. Hagai, and H. Luehr, Superposed epoch analysis of the substorm plasma sheet, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.13, issue.A7, pp.605-1110, 1991.
DOI : 10.1029/91JA00775

W. Baumjohann, M. Hesse, S. Kokubun, T. Mukai, T. Nagai et al., Substorm dipolarization and recovery, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.103, issue.4/5, pp.995-2500010, 1999.
DOI : 10.1029/1999JA900282

W. Baumjohann, E. Georgescu, K. Fornacon, H. U. Auster, R. A. Treumann et al., Magnetospheric lion roars, Magnetospheric lion roars, pp.406-410, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s00585-000-0406-2
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00316613

J. Birn and M. Hesse, Energy release and conversion by reconnection in the magnetotail, Annales Geophysicae, vol.23, issue.10, pp.3365-337310, 2005.
DOI : 10.5194/angeo-23-3365-2005
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00318040

J. Birn, M. Hesse, G. Haerendel, W. Baumjohann, and K. Shiokawa, Flow braking and the substorm current wedge, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.25, issue.17, pp.895-1910, 1999.
DOI : 10.1029/1999JA900173

J. Birn, J. Raeder, Y. Wang, R. Wolf, and M. Hesse, On the propagation of bubbles in the geomagnetic tail, Annales Geophysicae, vol.22, issue.5, pp.1773-1786, 2004.
DOI : 10.5194/angeo-22-1773-2004
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00317362

J. Birn, R. Nakamura, E. V. Panov, and M. Hesse, Bursty bulk flows and dipolarization in MHD simulations of magnetotail reconnection, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.27, issue.20, pp.10-1029, 2011.
DOI : 10.1029/2000GL000027

N. L. Borodkova, A. G. Yahnin, K. Liou, J. Sauvaud, A. O. Fedorov et al., Plasma sheet fast flows and auroral dynamics during substorm: a case study, Annales Geophysicae, vol.20, issue.3, pp.341-34710, 2002.
DOI : 10.5194/angeo-20-341-2002
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00329211

J. Bortnik, R. M. Thorne, and U. S. Inan, Nonlinear interaction of energetic electrons with large amplitude chorus, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.110, issue.5, pp.10-1029, 2008.
DOI : 10.1029/2008GL035500

R. Boström, A model of the auroral electrojets, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.11, issue.Suppl. A1, pp.4983-499910, 1964.
DOI : 10.1029/JZ069i023p04983

C. Cattell, Discovery of very large amplitude whistlermode waves in Earth's radiation belts, Geophys. Res. Lett, pp.10-1029, 2008.

C. X. Chen and R. A. Wolf, Theory of thin-filament motion in Earth's magnetotail and its application to bursty bulk flows, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.83, issue.A7, pp.613-1410, 1999.
DOI : 10.1029/1999JA900005

X. Deng, M. Ashour-abdalla, M. Zhou, R. Walker, M. El-alaoui et al., Wave and particle characteristics of earthward electron injections associated with dipolarization fronts, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.36, issue.A7, p.922510, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2009GL040663

R. D. Elphinstone, J. S. Murphree, and L. L. Cogger, What is a global auroral substorm?, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.95, issue.19, pp.169-23210, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/96RG00483

R. D. Elphinstone, Observations in the vicinity of substorm onset: Implications for the substorm process, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.95, issue.12, pp.7937-796910, 1995.
DOI : 10.1029/94JA02938

G. M. Erickson and R. A. Wolf, Is steady convection possible in the Earth's magnetotail?, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.7, issue.11, pp.897-90010, 1980.
DOI : 10.1029/GL007i011p00897

H. U. Frey, Small and meso-scale properties of a substorm onset auroral arc, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.24, issue.A6, pp.10-1029, 2010.
DOI : 10.5194/angeo-24-7-2006
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00666355

H. S. Fu, Y. V. Khotyaintsev, M. André, and A. Vaivads, Fermi and betatron acceleration of suprathermal electrons behind dipolarization fronts, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.36, issue.5, pp.10-1029, 2011.
DOI : 10.1029/2011GL048528

S. A. Glauert and R. B. Horne, Calculation of pitch angle and energy diffusion coefficients with the PADIE code, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.35, issue.A4, pp.10-1029, 2005.
DOI : 10.1029/2004JA010851

G. Haerendel, Disruption, ballooning or auroral avalanche-on the cause of substorms, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Substorms, pp.23-27, 1992.

G. Haerendel, Equatorward moving arcs and substorm onset, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.17, issue.A6, pp.10-1029, 2010.
DOI : 10.1029/95JA03192
URL : http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0012-C4BF-E

H. Hayakawa, A. Nishida, J. E. Hones, and S. J. Bame, Statistical characteristics of plasma flow in the magnetotail, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.72, issue.A1, pp.277-28310, 1982.
DOI : 10.1029/JA087iA01p00277

M. G. Henderson, G. D. Reeves, and J. S. Murphree, Are north-south aligned auroral structures an ionospheric manifestation of bursty bulk flows?, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.101, issue.19, pp.3737-374010, 1998.
DOI : 10.1029/98GL02692

S. Y. Huang, M. Zhou, X. H. Deng, Z. G. Yuan, Y. Pang et al., Kinetic structure and wave properties associated with sharp dipolarization front observed by Cluster, Annales Geophysicae, vol.30, issue.1, pp.97-10710, 2012.
DOI : 10.5194/angeo-30-97-2012

A. Keiling, K. Shiokawa, V. Uritsky, V. Sergeev, E. Zesta et al., Auroral Signatures of the Dynamic Plasma Sheet, Auroral Phenomenology and Magnetospheric Processes: Earth and Other Planets, pp.317-33510, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2012GM001231

A. Keiling, THEMIS ground-space observations during the development of auroral spirals, Annales Geophysicae, vol.27, issue.11, pp.4317-433210, 2009.
DOI : 10.5194/angeo-27-4317-2009

A. Keiling, Substorm current wedge driven by plasma flow vortices: THEMIS observations, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.113, issue.A2, pp.0-2210, 2009.
DOI : 10.1029/2007JA012537

L. Kepko, M. G. Kivelson, R. L. Mcpherron, and H. E. Spence, Relative timing of substorm onset phenomena, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.27, issue.A4, pp.10-1029, 2004.
DOI : 10.1029/2003JA010285

L. Kepko, E. Spanswick, V. Angelopoulos, E. Donovan, J. Mcfadden et al., Equatorward moving auroral signatures of a flow burst observed prior to auroral onset, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.107, issue.A8, p.10, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2009GL041476

Y. V. Khotyaintsev, C. M. Cully, A. Vaivads, M. André, and C. J. Owen, Plasma Jet Braking: Energy Dissipation and Nonadiabatic Electrons, Physical Review Letters, vol.106, issue.16, 2011.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.165001
URL : http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1349824/1/1349824.pdf

L. Contel and O. , Quasi-parallel whistler mode waves observed by THEMIS during near-earth dipolarizations, Annales Geophysicae, vol.27, issue.6, pp.2259-227510, 2009.
DOI : 10.5194/angeo-27-2259-2009-supplement

J. Liang, E. Spanswick, M. J. Nicolls, E. F. Donovan, D. Lummerzheim et al., Multi-instrument observations of soft electron precipitation and its association with magnetospheric flows, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.114, issue.A11, pp.620110-1029, 2011.
DOI : 10.1029/2009JA014259

J. Liang, B. Ni, C. M. Cully, E. F. Donovan, R. M. Thorne et al., Electromagnetic ELF wave intensification associated with fast earthward flows in mid-tail plasma sheet, Annales Geophysicae, vol.30, issue.3, pp.467-4881030, 2012.
DOI : 10.5194/angeo-30-467-2012

L. Contel and Q. Zong, A transient narrow poleward extrusion from the diffuse aurora and the concurrent magnetotail activity, J. Geophys, Res, vol.115, pp.10-1029, 2010.

L. R. Lyons, Pitch angle and energy diffusion coefficients from resonant interactions with ion???cyclotron and whistler waves, Journal of Plasma Physics, vol.12, issue.03, pp.417-43210, 1974.
DOI : 10.1029/JA077i019p03455

L. R. Lyons, T. Nagai, G. T. Blanchard, J. C. Samson, T. Yamamoto et al., Association between Geotail plasma flows and auroral poleward boundary intensifications observed by CANOPUS photometers, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.15, issue.A3, pp.4485-450010, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/1998JA900140

L. R. Lyons, Y. Nishimura, X. Xing, A. Runov, V. Angelopoulos et al., Coupling of dipolarization front flow bursts to substorm expansion phase phenomena within the magnetosphere and ionosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.114, issue.20, pp.221210-1029, 2012.
DOI : 10.1029/2009JA014259

L. R. Lyons, Possible connection of polar cap flows to pre- and post-substorm onset PBIs and streamers, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.107, issue.A11, pp.10-1029, 2011.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JA000260

J. P. Mcfadden, C. W. Carlson, D. Larson, M. Ludlam, R. Abiad et al., The THEMIS ESA Plasma Instrument and In-flight Calibration, Space Science Reviews, vol.70, issue.11, pp.277-30210, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s11214-008-9440-2

S. B. Mende, S. E. Harris, H. U. Frey, V. Angelopoulos, C. T. Russell et al., The THEMIS Array of Ground-based Observatories for??the Study of Auroral Substorms, Space Science Reviews, vol.71, issue.7???8, pp.357-38710, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s11214-008-9380-x

D. Mourenas, A. Artemyev, O. Agapitov, and V. Krasnoselskikh, Acceleration of radiation belts electrons by oblique chorus waves, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.114, issue.24, pp.10-1029, 2012.
DOI : 10.1029/2008JA013580
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01179807

D. Mourenas, A. V. Artemyev, J. Ripoll, O. V. Agapitov, and V. V. Krasnoselskikh, Timescales for electron quasi-linear diffusion by parallel and oblique lower-band chorus waves, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.114, issue.A12, p.623410, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2008JA013580
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01179755

R. Nakamura, T. Oguti, T. Yamamoto, and S. Kokubun, Equatorward and poleward expansion of the auroras during auroral substorms, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.36, issue.A4, pp.5743-575910, 1993.
DOI : 10.1029/92JA02230

R. Nakamura, W. Baumjohann, M. Brittnacher, V. A. Sergeev, M. Kubyshkina et al., Flow bursts and auroral activations: Onset timing and foot point location, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.27, issue.A6, pp.777-1079010, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JA000249

R. Nakamura, Spatial scale of high-speed flows in the plasma sheet observed by Cluster, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.11, issue.6, pp.10-1029, 2004.
DOI : 10.1029/2004GL019558

B. Ni, R. M. Thorne, R. B. Horne, N. P. Meredith, Y. Y. Shprits et al., Resonant scattering of plasma sheet electrons leading to diffuse auroral precipitation: 1. Evaluation for electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic waves, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.78, issue.7, p.421810, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/JA078i007p01082

B. Ni, R. M. Thorne, N. P. Meredith, Y. Y. Shprits, and R. B. Horne, Diffuse auroral scattering by whistler mode chorus waves: Dependence on wave normal angle distribution, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.114, issue.3, pp.1020710-1029, 2011.
DOI : 10.1029/2008JA013580

Y. Nishimura, Identifying the Driver of Pulsating Aurora, Science, vol.330, issue.6000, pp.81-91, 2010.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1193186

S. Ohtani, Y. Miyashita, H. Singer, and T. Mukai, Tailward flows with positive B Z in the near-Earth plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res, vol.114, pp.621810-1029, 2009.

Y. Omura and Q. Zhao, Nonlinear pitch angle scattering of relativistic electrons by EMIC waves in the inner magnetosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.108, issue.A7, pp.10-1029, 2012.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.105002

E. V. Panov, V. A. Sergeev, P. L. Pritchett, F. V. Coroniti, R. Nakamura et al., Observations of kinetic ballooning/interchange instability signatures in the magnetotail, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.36, issue.8, p.10, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2009GL040777

E. V. Panov, Plasma sheet thickness during a bursty bulk flow reversal, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.102, issue.11, pp.10-1029, 2010.
DOI : 10.1029/97JA00683

E. V. Panov, Multiple overshoot and rebound of a bursty bulk flow, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.111, issue.8, pp.10-1029, 2010.
DOI : 10.1029/2006JA012010

E. V. Panov, Ionospheric response to oscillatory flow braking in the magnetotail, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.107, issue.23, 2013.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JA000260

G. Paschmann, S. Haaland, and R. Treumann, Auroral plasma physics, Space Sci. Rev, vol.103, pp.1-47710, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-007-1086-3

D. H. Pontius, R. A. Jr, and . Wolf, Transient flux tubes in the terrestrial magnetosphere, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.30, issue.1, pp.49-5210, 1990.
DOI : 10.1029/GL017i001p00049

P. L. Pritchett and F. V. Coroniti, A kinetic ballooning/interchange instability in the magnetotail, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.14, issue.A5, pp.10-1029, 2010.
DOI : 10.1029/2004JA010708

A. Roux, O. Le-contel, C. Coillot, A. Bouabdellah, B. De-la-porte et al., The Search Coil Magnetometer for THEMIS, Space Science Reviews, vol.96, issue.11???12, pp.265-27510, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s11214-008-9455-8
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00610316

V. S. Semenov and V. V. Lebedeva, Model problem of the reconnection of fine magnetic flux tubes in the cusp region, Geomag. Aeron, vol.31, pp.974-981, 1991.

V. Sergeev, K. Liou, P. Newell, S. Ohtani, M. Hairston et al., Auroral streamers: characteristics of associated precipitation,convection and field-aligned currents, Annales Geophysicae, vol.22, issue.2, pp.537-54810, 2004.
DOI : 10.5194/angeo-22-537-2004
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00317236

V. A. Sergeev, V. Angelopoulos, J. T. Gosling, C. A. Cattell, and C. T. Russell, Detection of localized, plasma-depleted flux tubes or bubbles in the midtail plasma sheet, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.37, issue.15, pp.817-101096, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/96JA00460

V. A. Sergeev, K. Liou, C. Meng, P. T. Newell, M. Brittnacher et al., Development of auroral streamers in association with localized impulsive injections to the inner magnetotail, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.24, issue.3, pp.417-42010, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/1998GL900311

V. A. Sergeev, M. V. Kubyshkina, K. Liou, P. T. Newell, G. Parks et al., Substorm and convection bay compared: Auroral and magnetotail dynamics during convection bay, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.26, issue.A9, pp.843-1810, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JA900087

V. A. Sergeev, Multiple-spacecraft observation of a narrow transient plasma jet in the Earth's plasma sheet, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.24, issue.6, pp.851-85410, 2000.
DOI : 10.1029/1999GL010729

K. Shiokawa, W. Baumjohann, and G. Haerendel, Braking of high-speed flows in the near-Earth tail, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.96, issue.10, pp.1179-118210, 1997.
DOI : 10.1029/97GL01062

K. Shiokawa, G. Haerendel, and W. Baumjohann, Azimuthal pressure gradient as driving force of substorm currents, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.28, issue.7, pp.959-962, 1998.
DOI : 10.1029/98GL00540

K. Shiokawa, High-speed ion flow, substorm current wedge, and multiple Pi 2 pulsations, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.60, issue.A3, pp.4491-450810, 1998.
DOI : 10.1029/97JA01680

D. Shklyar and H. Matsumoto, Oblique Whistler-Mode Waves in the Inhomogeneous Magnetospheric Plasma: Resonant Interactions with Energetic Charged Particles, Surveys in Geophysics, vol.14, issue.908, pp.55-10410, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s10712-009-9061-7

V. V. Solovev and D. R. Shkliar, Particle heating by a lowamplitude wave in an inhomogeneous magnetoplasma, Sov. Phys. JETP, vol.63, pp.272-277, 1986.

D. Summers, R. M. Thorne, and F. Xiao, Relativistic theory of wave-particle resonant diffusion with application to electron acceleration in the magnetosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.230, issue.44, pp.487-2010, 1998.
DOI : 10.1029/98JA01740

R. M. Thorne, B. Ni, X. Tao, R. B. Horne, and N. P. Meredith, Scattering by chorus waves as the dominant cause of diffuse auroral precipitation, Nature, vol.30, issue.7318, pp.943-94610, 2010.
DOI : 10.1038/nature09467

V. Y. Trakhtengerts, Stationary states of the Earth's outer radiation zone, Geomag. Aeron, vol.6, pp.827-836, 1966.

J. Untiedt and W. Baumjohann, Studies of polar current systems using the IMS Scandinavian magnetometer array, Space Science Reviews, vol.88, issue.10, pp.245-390, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00750770

V. M. Uritsky, J. Liang, E. Donovan, E. Spanswick, D. Knudsen et al., Longitudinally propagating arc wave in the pre-onset optical aurora, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.104, issue.A12, p.10, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2009GL040777

A. A. Vedenov and R. Z. Sagdeev, Some properties of a plasma with an anisotropic ion velocity distribution in a magnetic field, Plasma Physics and the Problem of Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions, p.332, 1961.

X. H. Wei, Cluster observations of waves in the whistler frequency range associated with magnetic reconnection in the Earth's magnetotail, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.29, issue.8, pp.10-1029, 2007.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.265003

R. A. Wolf, C. X. Chen, and F. R. Toffoletto, Thin filament simulations for Earth's plasma sheet: Interchange oscillations, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.114, issue.2, pp.221510-1029, 2012.
DOI : 10.1029/2009JA014131

R. A. Wolf, C. X. Chen, and F. R. Toffoletto, Thin filament simulations for Earth's plasma sheet: Tests of validity of the quasi-static convection approximation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.115, issue.A12, pp.221610-1029, 2012.
DOI : 10.1029/2009JA014806