A. Anastasiadis, C. Gontikakis, E. , and C. , Particle Interactions with Single or Multiple 3D Solar Reconnecting Current Sheets, Solar Physics, pp.199-21410, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s11207-008-9234-4

URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/0806.4854

A. V. Artemyev, A. I. Neishtadt, L. M. Zelenyi, and D. L. Vainchtein, Adiabatic description of capture into resonance and surfatron acceleration of charged particles by electromagnetic waves, Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, vol.20, issue.4, p.43128, 2010.
DOI : 10.1063/1.3518360

A. V. Artemyev, W. Baumjohann, A. A. Petrukovich, R. Nakamura, I. Dandouras et al., Proton/electron temperature ratio in the magnetotail, Annales Geophysicae, vol.29, issue.12, pp.2253-225710, 2011.
DOI : 10.5194/angeo-29-2253-2011

A. Artemyev, D. Vainchtein, A. Neishtadt, and L. Zelenyi, Resonant acceleration of charged particles in the presence of random fluctuations, Physical Review E, vol.84, issue.4, 2011.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.84.046213

A. V. Artemyev, V. N. Lutsenko, and A. A. Petrukovich, Ion resonance acceleration by dipolarization fronts: analytic theory and spacecraft observation, Annales Geophysicae, vol.30, issue.2, pp.317-32410, 2012.
DOI : 10.5194/angeo-30-317-2012

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01179529

Y. Asano, I. Shinohara, A. Retinò, P. W. Daly, E. A. Kronberg et al., Electron acceleration signatures in the magnetotail associated with substorms, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.33, issue.1, p.521510, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2006GL026595

M. Ashour-abdalla, J. P. Berchem, J. Büchner, and L. M. Zelenyi, Shaping of the magnetotail from the mantle: Global and local structuring, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.88, issue.11, pp.5651-567610, 1993.
DOI : 10.1029/92JA01662

M. Ashour-abdalla, L. M. Zelenyi, V. Peroomian, R. , and R. L. , Consequences of magnetotail ion dynamics, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.28, issue.11, pp.14891-1491610, 1994.
DOI : 10.1029/94JA00141

M. Ashour-abdalla, L. M. Zelenyi, V. Peroomian, R. L. Richard, and J. M. Bosqued, The mosaic structure of plasma bulk flows in the Earth's magnetotail, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.95, issue.12, pp.10-1029, 1995.
DOI : 10.1029/95JA00902

M. Balikhin, M. Gedalin, and A. Petrukovich, New mechanism for electron heating in shocks, Physical Review Letters, vol.70, issue.9, pp.1259-1262, 1993.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.1259

J. Birn, J. F. Drake, M. A. Shay, B. N. Rogers, R. E. Denton et al., Geospace Environmental Modeling (GEM) Magnetic Reconnection Challenge, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.13, issue.A3, pp.3715-372010, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/1999JA900449

J. Birn, M. F. Thomsen, and M. Hesse, Electron acceleration in the dynamic magnetotail: Test particle orbits in three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulation fields, Physics of Plasmas, vol.11, issue.5, pp.1825-1833, 2004.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1704641

J. Birn, K. Galsgaard, M. Hesse, M. Hoshino, J. Huba et al., Forced magnetic reconnection, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.106, issue.6, pp.610510-1029, 2005.
DOI : 10.1029/2004GL022058

J. Birn, A. V. Artemyev, D. N. Baker, M. Echim, M. Hoshino et al., Particle Acceleration in the Magnetotail and Aurora, Space Science Reviews, vol.31, issue.3, pp.49-10210, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s11214-012-9874-4

P. K. Browning and G. E. Vekstein, Particle acceleration at an X-type reconnection site with a parallel magnetic field, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.98, issue.7, pp.18677-1869210, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JA900014

J. Büchner and L. M. Zelenyi, Deterministic chaos in the dynamics of charged particles near a magnetic field reversal, Physics Letters A, vol.118, issue.8, pp.395-39910, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0375-9601(86)90268-9

J. Büchner and L. M. Zelenyi, Regular and chaotic charged particle motion in magnetotaillike field reversals: 1. Basic theory of trapped motion, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.33, issue.11, pp.11821-1184210, 1989.
DOI : 10.1029/JA094iA09p11821

S. V. Bulanov, The energy spectrum of particles accelerated near a singular magnetic field line, Soviet Astronomy Letters, vol.6, p.206, 1980.

S. V. Bulanov and P. V. Sasorov, Energy spectrum of particles accelerated in the neighborhood of a line of zero magnetic field, Soviet Astronomy, vol.19, pp.464-468, 1976.

G. R. Burkhart, J. F. Drake, C. , and J. , Magnetic reconnection in collisionless plasmas: Prescribed fields, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.89, issue.11, pp.18833-1884810, 1990.
DOI : 10.1029/JA095iA11p18833

B. Cerutti, D. A. Uzdensky, and M. C. Begelman, EXTREME PARTICLE ACCELERATION IN MAGNETIC RECONNECTION LAYERS: APPLICATION TO THE GAMMA-RAY FLARES IN THE CRAB NEBULA, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.746, issue.2, p.148, 2012.
DOI : 10.1088/0004-637X/746/2/148

J. Chen, Nonlinear dynamics of charged particles in the magnetotail, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.88, issue.10, 1992.
DOI : 10.1029/92JA00955

K. D. Cole, Effects of crossed magnetic and (spatially dependent) electric fields on charged particle motion, Planetary and Space Science, vol.24, issue.5, pp.515-51810, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/0032-0633(76)90096-9

S. W. Cowley, S. Jr, and P. , Current sheet acceleration of ions in the geomagnetic tail and the properties of ion bursts observed at the lunar distance, Planetary and Space Science, vol.31, issue.2, pp.235-24510, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/0032-0633(83)90058-2

A. Divin, S. Markidis, G. Lapenta, V. S. Semenov, N. V. Erkaev et al., Model of electron pressure anisotropy in the electron diffusion region of collisionless magnetic reconnection, Physics of Plasmas, vol.17, issue.12, pp.10-1063, 2010.
DOI : 10.1063/1.3521576

A. Divin, G. Lapenta, S. Markidis, V. S. Semenov, N. V. Erkaev et al., Scaling of the inner electron diffusion region in collisionless magnetic reconnection, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.107, issue.A9, pp.621710-1029, 2012.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JA000287

M. Dobrowolny, ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????, Il Nuovo Cimento B Series 10, vol.107, issue.2, pp.427-442, 1968.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02711653

J. F. Drake, M. A. Shay, W. Thongthai, and M. Swisdak, Production of Energetic Electrons during Magnetic Reconnection, Physical Review Letters, vol.94, issue.9, pp.10-1103, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.095001

J. F. Drake, M. Swisdak, H. Che, and M. A. Shay, Electron acceleration from contracting magnetic islands during reconnection, Nature, vol.35, issue.7111, pp.553-55610, 2006.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JA000287

J. Egedal, W. Fox, N. Katz, M. Porkolab, M. Øieroset et al., Evidence and theory for trapped electrons in guide field magnetotail reconnection, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.107, issue.A9, pp.1220710-1029, 2008.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JA000287

M. Fujimoto, I. Shinohara, and H. Kojima, Reconnection and Waves: A Review with a Perspective, Space Science Reviews, vol.114, issue.A12, pp.123-143, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s11214-011-9807-7

A. A. Galeev, Reconnection in the magnetotail, Space Science Reviews, vol.23, issue.3, pp.411-425, 1979.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00172248

A. A. Galeev, V. V. Krasnosel-'skikh, and V. V. Lobzin, Fine structure of the front of a quasi-perpendicular supercritical collisionless shock wave, Soviet Journal of Plasma Physics, vol.14, pp.1192-1200, 1988.

I. G. Hannah and L. Fletcher, Comparison of the Energy Spectra and Number Fluxes From a simple Flare Model to Observations , Solar Physics, pp.59-74, 2006.

M. Hesse, J. Birn, and M. Kuznetsova, Collisionless magnetic reconnection: Electron processes and transport modeling, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.69, issue.A3, pp.3721-373610, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/1999JA001002

M. Hoshino, Electron surfing acceleration in magnetic reconnection, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.11, issue.9, pp.10-1029, 2005.
DOI : 10.1029/2005JA011229

M. Hoshino and N. Shimada, Nonthermal Electrons at High Mach Number Shocks: Electron Shock Surfing Acceleration, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.572, issue.2, pp.880-88710, 2002.
DOI : 10.1086/340454

URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0203073

M. Hoshino, A. Nishida, T. Yamamoto, and S. Kokubun, Turbulent magnetic field in the distant magnetotail: Bottom-up process of plasmoid formation?, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.8, issue.25, pp.2935-293810, 1994.
DOI : 10.1029/94GL02094

S. Imada, R. Nakamura, P. W. Daly, M. Hoshino, W. Baumjohann et al., Energetic electron acceleration in the downstream reconnection outflow region, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.95, issue.6, pp.320210-1029, 2007.
DOI : 10.1029/2004JA010708

S. Imada, M. Hirai, M. Hoshino, and T. Mukai, Favorable conditions for energetic electron acceleration during magnetic reconnection in the Earth's magnetotail, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.110, issue.23, pp.10-1029, 2011.
DOI : 10.1029/2004JA010708

A. P. Itin, A. I. Neishtadt, and A. A. Vasiliev, Captures into resonance and scattering on resonance in dynamics of a charged relativistic particle in magnetic field and electrostatic wave, Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, vol.141, issue.3-4, pp.281-296, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-2789(00)00039-7

H. Karimabadi, W. Daughton, and J. Scudder, Multi-scale structure of the electron diffusion region, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.106, issue.A3, pp.10-1029, 2007.
DOI : 10.1029/2007GL030306

T. Katsouleas and J. M. Dawson, Unlimited Electron Acceleration in Laser-Driven Plasma Waves, Physical Review Letters, vol.51, issue.5, pp.392-395, 1983.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.51.392

S. Kokubun, T. Yamamoto, M. H. Acuna, K. Hayashi, K. Shiokawa et al., The GEOTAIL Magnetic Field Experiment., Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity, vol.46, issue.1, pp.7-21, 1994.
DOI : 10.5636/jgg.46.7

D. B. Korovinskiy, V. S. Semenov, N. V. Erkaev, A. V. Divin, and H. K. Biernat, The 2.5-D analytical model of steadystate Hall magnetic reconnection, J. Geophys. Res, vol.113, pp.420510-1029, 2008.

B. Lembège and R. Pellat, Stability of a thick twodimensional quasineutral sheet, Phys. Fl, vol.25, 1982.

B. Lembège, P. Savoini, M. Balikhin, S. Walker, and V. Krasnoselskikh, Demagnetization of transmitted electrons through a quasi-perpendicular collisionless shock, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.91, issue.A1, pp.10-1029, 1256.
DOI : 10.1029/2002JA009288

Y. E. Litvinenko, Three-dimensional fan magnetic reconnection and particle acceleration in the solar corona, Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.452, issue.3, pp.1069-107410, 2006.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361:20054324

V. N. Lutsenko and K. Kudela, Almost monoenergetic ions near the Earth's magnetosphere boundaries, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.36, issue.3, pp.413-41610, 1999.
DOI : 10.1029/1999GL900002

V. N. Lutsenko, K. Kudela, and E. T. Sarris, The DOK-2 Experiment to Study Energetic Particles by the Tail Probe and Auroral Probe Satellites in the INTERBALL Project, Cosmic Research, vol.36, pp.98-107, 1998.

L. R. Lyons, Electron energization in the geomagnetic tail current sheet, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.78, issue.A7, pp.5479-5487, 1984.
DOI : 10.1029/JA089iA07p05479

L. R. Lyons and T. W. Speiser, Evidence for current sheet acceleration in the geomagnetic tail, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.86, issue.A4, pp.2276-228610, 1982.
DOI : 10.1029/JA087iA04p02276

R. W. Moses, J. M. Finn, L. , and K. M. , Plasma heating by collisionless magnetic reconnection: Analysis and computation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.4, issue.A3, pp.4013-4040, 1993.
DOI : 10.1029/92JA02267

T. Mukai, S. Machida, Y. Saito, M. Hirahara, T. Terasawa et al., The Low Energy Particle (LEP) Experlment onboard the GEOTAIL Satellite., Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity, vol.46, issue.8, pp.669-692, 1994.
DOI : 10.5636/jgg.46.669

A. I. Neishtadt, B. A. Petrovichev, and A. A. Chernikov, Particle entrainment into unlimited acceleration, Soviet Journal of Plasma Physics, vol.15, pp.1021-1023, 1989.

A. I. Neishtadt, A. V. Artemyev, L. M. Zelenyi, and D. L. Vainshtein, Surfatron acceleration in electromagnetic waves with a low phase velocity, JETP Letters, vol.89, issue.9, pp.441-447, 2009.
DOI : 10.1134/S0021364009090045

M. Oka, M. Fujimoto, I. Shinohara, and T. D. Phan, ???Island surfing??? mechanism of electron acceleration during magnetic reconnection, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.101, issue.13, pp.10-1029, 2010.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.015001

A. A. Petrukovich, Low Frequency Magnetic Fluctuations in the Earth's Plasma Sheet, Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol.321, p.145, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/1-4020-3109-2_7

A. V. Artemyev, Double power-law electron spectra spacecraft observations of a reconnection pulse during an auroral breakup, J. Geophys. Res, vol.103, pp.47-6010, 1998.

P. L. Pritchett, Relativistic electron production during guide field magnetic reconnection, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.95, issue.A3, pp.10-1029, 2006.
DOI : 10.1029/2006JA011793

A. Retinò, R. Nakamura, A. Vaivads, Y. Khotyaintsev, T. Hayakawa et al., Cluster observations of energetic electrons and electromagnetic fields within a reconnecting thin current sheet in the Earth's magnetotail, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.31, issue.A1, p.10, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2004GL020692

R. Z. Sagdeev and V. D. Shapiro, Influence of transverse magnetic field on Landau damping, Soviet JETP Letters, vol.17, pp.279-282, 1973.

J. Sauvaud, P. Koperski, T. Beutier, H. Barthe, C. Aoustin et al., The INTERBALL-Tail ELECTRON experiment: initial results on the low-latitude boundary layer of the dawn magnetosphere, Annales Geophysicae, vol.15, issue.5, pp.587-59510, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/s00585-997-0587-z

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00329055

V. P. Shabansky, Some processes in the magnetosphere, Space Science Reviews, vol.70, issue.Suppl. A-11, pp.299-418, 1971.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00165511

I. Shinohara, T. Nagai, M. Fujimoto, T. Terasawa, T. Mukai et al., Low-frequency electromagnetic turbulence observed near the substorm onset site, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.26, issue.A9, pp.20365-2038810, 1998.
DOI : 10.1029/98JA01104

M. I. Sitnov and M. Swisdak, Onset of collisionless magnetic reconnection in two-dimensional current sheets and formation of dipolarization fronts, J. Geophys. Res, vol.116, pp.10-1029, 2011.

B. U. Sonnerup, Adiabatic particle orbits in a magnetic null sheet, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.17, issue.34, pp.8211-822210, 1971.
DOI : 10.1029/JA076i034p08211

T. W. Speiser, Particle trajectories in model current sheets: 1. Analytical solutions, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.70, issue.17, pp.4219-422610, 1965.
DOI : 10.1029/JZ070i017p04219

T. W. Speiser, Particle trajectories in model current sheets: 2. Applications to auroras using a geomagnetic tail model, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.70, issue.Suppl. A-II, pp.3919-393210, 1967.
DOI : 10.1029/JZ072i015p03919

A. L. Taktakishvili, L. M. Zelenyi, V. N. Lutsenko, and K. Kudela, On the Spectra of Energetic Particles in the Earth's Magnetotail, Cosmic Research, vol.36, pp.265-273, 1998.

K. G. Tanaka, M. Fujimoto, S. V. Badman, and I. Shinohara, Dynamic magnetic island coalescence and associated electron acceleration, Physics of Plasmas, vol.18, issue.2, 2011.
DOI : 10.1063/1.3554660

B. A. Tverskoy, Main mechanisms in the formation of the Earth's radiation belts, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.73, issue.1, 2, pp.219-23110, 1969.
DOI : 10.1029/RG007i001p00219

D. Ucer and V. D. Shapiro, Unlimited Relativistic Shock Surfing Acceleration, Physical Review Letters, vol.87, issue.7, pp.10-1103, 2001.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.075001

URL : http://hdl.handle.net/2003/792

A. Vaivads, A. Retinò, Y. V. Khotyaintsev, and M. André, Suprathermal electron acceleration during reconnection onset in the magnetotail, Annales Geophysicae, vol.29, issue.10, p.10, 1917.
DOI : 10.5194/angeo-29-1917-2011

G. E. Vekstein and E. R. Priest, Nonlinear magnetic reconnection with collisionless dissipation, Physics of Plasmas, vol.2, issue.8, pp.3169-3178, 1995.
DOI : 10.1063/1.871149

D. J. Williams, R. W. Mcentire, C. Schlemm, A. T. Lui, G. et al., GEOTAIL Energetic Particles and Ion Composition Instrument., Geotail Energetic Particles and Ion Composition Instrument, pp.39-57, 1994.
DOI : 10.5636/jgg.46.39

J. R. Wygant, C. A. Cattell, R. Lysak, Y. Song, J. Dombeck et al., Cluster observations of an intense normal component of the electric field at a thin reconnecting current sheet in the tail and its role in the shock-like acceleration of the ion fluid into the separatrix region, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol.29, issue.19, p.920610, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2002GL015544

Y. I. Yermolaev, A. O. Fedorov, O. L. Vaisberg, V. M. Balebanov, Y. A. Obod et al., Ion distribution dynamics near the Earth's bow shock: first measurements with the 2D ion energy spectrometer CORALL on the INTERBALL/Tail-probe satellite, pp.533-541, 1997.

L. M. Zelenyi, J. G. Lominadze, and A. L. Taktakishvili, Generation of the energetic proton and electron bursts in planetary magnetotails, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.32, issue.A4, pp.3883-389110, 1990.
DOI : 10.1029/JA095iA04p03883

L. M. Zelenyi, D. V. Zogin, and J. Büchner, Quasiadiabatic dynamics of charged particles in the tail of the magnetosphere, Cosmic Research, vol.28, pp.369-380, 1990.

S. Zenitani and M. Hoshino, Particle Acceleration and Magnetic Dissipation in Relativistic Current Sheet of Pair Plasmas, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.670, issue.1, pp.702-72610, 2007.
DOI : 10.1086/522226

V. V. Zharkova, K. Arzner, A. O. Benz, P. Browning, C. Dauphin et al., Recent Advances in Understanding Particle Acceleration Processes in Solar Flares, Recent Advances in Understanding Particle Acceleration Processes in Solar Flares, pp.357-42010, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s11214-011-9803-y