F. Parrenin, On the gas-ice depth difference (depth)
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00843989

R. Arnaud, L. Barnola, J. Duval, P. Hondoh, and T. , Physical modeling of the densification of snow/firn and ice in the upper part of polar ice sheets, Physics of Ice Core Records, pp.285-305, 2000.

M. L. Bender, T. Sowers, J. Barnola, C. , and J. , ratio of the atmosphere during recent decades reflected in the composition of air in the firn at Vostok Station, Antarctica, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.247, issue.3, pp.189-192, 1994.
DOI : 10.1029/93GL03548

M. L. Bender, G. Floch, J. Chappellaz, M. Suwa, J. Barnola et al., Gas age???ice age differences and the chronology of the Vostok ice core, 0???100 ka, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.107, issue.D24, pp.2111510-1029, 2006.
DOI : 10.1029/2005JD006488
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00375434

T. Blunier and E. J. Brook, Timing of Millennial-Scale Climate Change in Antarctica and Greenland During the Last Glacial Period, Science, vol.291, issue.5501, pp.109-112, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.291.5501.109

T. Blunier, J. Chappellaz, J. Schwander, A. Dällenbach, B. Stauffer et al., Asynchrony of Antarctic and Greenland climate change during the last glacial period, Nature, vol.394, issue.6695, pp.739-743, 1998.
DOI : 10.1038/29447

T. Blunier, J. Schwander, J. Chappellaz, F. Parrenin, and J. Barnola, What was the surface temperature in central Antarctica during the last glacial maximum?, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.218, issue.3-4, pp.379-388, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00672-1

D. Buiron, J. Chappellaz, B. Stenni, M. Frezzotti, M. Baumgartner et al., TALDICE -1 age scale of the Talos Dome deep ice core, East Antarctica, Clim. Past, vol.75194, pp.1-1610, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00649642

C. Buizert, P. Martinerie, V. V. Petrenko, J. P. Severinghaus, C. M. Trudinger et al., Gas transport in firn: multiple-tracer characterisation and model intercomparison for NEEM, Northern Greenland, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.125194, pp.4259-427710, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00843779

N. Caillon, J. P. Severinghaus, J. Jouzel, J. Barnola, J. Kang et al., Timing of Atmospheric CO2 and Antarctic Temperature Changes Across Termination III, Timing of Atmospheric CO 2 and Antarctic Temperature Changes Across Termination III, pp.1728-1731, 2003.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1078758

E. Capron, A. Landais, J. Chappellaz, A. Schilt, D. Buiron et al., Millennial and sub-millennial scale climatic variations recorded in polar ice cores over the last glacial period, Clim. Past, vol.65194, pp.345-36510, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00652892

S. Colbeck, Air movement in snow due to windpumping, J. Glaciol, vol.35, pp.209-213, 1989.

S. Colbeck, Abstract, Journal of Glaciology, vol.23, issue.143, pp.60-65, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/0165-232X(80)90017-8

Z. R. Courville, M. R. Albert, M. A. Fahnestock, I. Cathles, L. M. Shuman et al., Impacts of an accumulation hiatus on the physical properties of firn at a low-accumulation polar site, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.14, issue.70, pp.203010-1029, 2007.
DOI : 10.1029/2005JF000429

H. Craig, Y. Horibe, and T. Sowers, Gravitational Separation of Gases and Isotopes in Polar Ice Caps, Science, vol.242, issue.4886, pp.1675-1678, 1988.
DOI : 10.1126/science.242.4886.1675

G. H. Denton, J. G. Bockheim, S. C. Wilson, and M. Stuiver, Abstract, Quaternary Research, vol.1, issue.2, pp.151-182, 1989.
DOI : 10.1029/PA001i002p00137

G. B. Dreyfus, F. Parrenin, B. Lemieux-dudon, G. Durand, V. Masson-delmotte et al., Anomalous flow below 2700 m in the EPICA Dome C ice core detected using ? 18 O of atmospheric oxygen measurements, Clim. Past, vol.35194, pp.341-35310, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00330756

G. B. Dreyfus, J. Jouzel, M. L. Bender, A. Landais, V. Masson-delmotte et al., Firn processes and ? 15 N: potential for a gas-phase climate proxy EPICA community members: One-to-one coupling of glacial climate variability in Greenland and Antarctica, Quaternary Sci. Rev. Nature, vol.29, issue.444, pp.28-42, 2006.

H. Fischer, M. Wahlen, J. Smith, D. Mastroianni, and B. Deck, Ice Core Records of Atmospheric CO2 Around the Last Three Glacial Terminations, Ice Core Records of Atmospheric CO 2 Around the Last Three Glacial Terminations, pp.1712-1714, 1999.
DOI : 10.1126/science.283.5408.1712

J. Flückiger, T. Blunier, B. Stauffer, J. Chappellaz, R. Spahni et al., variations during the last glacial epoch: Insight into global processes, Global Biogeochem. Cy, vol.18, pp.102010-1029, 2004.

C. Goujon, J. Barnola, and C. Ritz, Modeling the densification of polar firn including heat diffusion: Application to close-off characteristics and gas isotopic fractionation for Antarctica and Greenland sites, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.23, issue.1, pp.479210-1029, 2003.
DOI : 10.1029/2002JD003319

A. M. Grachev and J. P. Severinghaus, Laboratory determination of thermal diffusion constants for 29N2/28N2 in air at temperatures from ???60 to 0??C for reconstruction of magnitudes of abrupt climate changes using the ice core fossil???air paleothermometer, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.67, issue.3, pp.345-360, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01115-8

M. M. Herron and C. C. Langway, Abstract, Journal of Glaciology, vol.14, issue.93, pp.373-385, 1980.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022143000015239

C. Huber, M. Leuenberger, R. Spahni, J. Flückiger, J. Schwander et al., Isotope calibrated Greenland temperature record over Marine Isotope Stage 3 and its relation to CH4, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.243, issue.3-4, pp.504-519, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.01.002

P. Huybrechts, O. Rybak, F. Pattyn, U. Ruth, and D. Steinhage, Ice thinning, upstream advection, and non-climatic biases for the upper 89 % of the EDML ice core from a nested model of the Antarctic ice sheet, Clim. Past, vol.35194, pp.577-58910, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00298090

M. Hörhold, T. Laepple, J. Freitag, M. Bigler, H. Fischer et al., On the impact of impurities on the densification of polar firn, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett, pp.325-326, 2012.

K. Kawamura, Variations of atmospheric components over the past 340 000 years from Dome Fuji deep ice core, Antarctica, 2000.

K. Kawamura, J. P. Severinghaus, S. Ishidoya, S. Sugawara, G. Hashida et al., Convective mixing of air in firn at four polar sites, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.244, issue.3-4, pp.672-682, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.02.017

P. Köhler, Rapid changes in ice core gas records ??? Part 1: On the accuracy of methane synchronisation of ice cores, Climate of the Past Discussions, vol.6, issue.4, pp.1453-1471, 1453.
DOI : 10.5194/cpd-6-1453-2010

G. Krinner, D. Raynaud, C. Doutriaux, and H. Dang, Simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum ice sheet surface climate: Implications for the interpretation of ice core air content, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.72, issue.D2, pp.2059-2070, 2000.
DOI : 10.1029/1999JD900399

A. Landais, J. Barnola, K. Kawamura, N. Caillon, M. Delmotte et al., Firn-air ??15N in modern polar sites and glacial???interglacial ice: a model-data mismatch during glacial periods in Antarctica?, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.25, issue.1-2, pp.49-62, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.06.007
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00375513

A. Landais, G. Dreyfus, E. Capron, K. Pol, M. F. Loutre et al., Towards orbital dating of the EPICA Dome C ice core using ?O 2, Clim. Past, vol.85194, issue.2, pp.191-20310, 2012.

L. Lliboutry, A critical review of analytical approximate solutions for steady state velocities and temperature in cold ice sheets, Z. Gletscherkd. Glacialgeol, vol.15, pp.135-148, 1979.

L. Loulergue, F. Parrenin, T. Blunier, J. Barnola, R. Spahni et al., New constraints on the gas age-ice age difference along the EPICA ice cores, 0?50 kyr, Clim. Past, vol.35194, pp.527-54010, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00330764

L. Loulergue, A. Schilt, R. Spahni, V. Masson-delmotte, T. Blunier et al., Orbital and millennial-scale features of atmowww .clim-past, pp.1239-1255, 1239.

F. Parrenin, On the gas-ice depth difference (depth) spheric CH 4 over the past 800,000 years, Nature, vol.453, pp.383-386, 2008.

D. Lüthi, M. L. Floch, B. Bereiter, T. Blunier, J. Barnola et al., High-resolution carbon dioxide concentration record 650 years before present, Nature, vol.453, pp.0-800000, 2008.

P. Martinerie, D. Raynaud, D. M. Etheridge, J. Barnola, and D. Mazaudier, Physical and climatic parameters which influence the air content in polar ice, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.112, issue.1-4, pp.1-13, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0012-821X(92)90002-D

P. Martinerie, V. Y. Lipenkov, D. Raynaud, J. Chappellaz, N. I. Barkov et al., Air content paleo record in the Vostok ice core (Antarctica): A mixed record of climatic and glaciological parameters, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.316, issue.D5, pp.10565-10576, 1994.
DOI : 10.1029/93JD03223

F. Parrenin and R. Hindmarsh, Influence of a non-uniform velocity field on isochrone geometry along a steady flowline of an ice sheet, Journal of Glaciology, vol.53, issue.183, pp.612-622, 2007.
DOI : 10.3189/002214307784409298
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00377229

F. Parrenin, F. Remy, C. Ritz, M. Siegert, and J. Jouzel, New modelling of the Vostok ice flow line and implication for the glaciological chronology of the Vostok ice core, J. Geophys. Res, pp.10-1029, 2004.

F. Parrenin, G. Dreyfus, G. Durand, S. Fujita, O. Gagliardini et al., 1-D-ice flow modelling at EPICA Dome C and Dome Fuji, East Antarctica, Clim. Past, vol.35194, pp.243-25910, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00330750

F. Parrenin, J. Petit, V. Masson-delmotte, E. Wolff, I. Basile-doelsch et al., Volcanic synchronisation between the EPICA Dome C and Vostok ice cores (Antarctica), Clim. Past, vol.85194, pp.0-145, 1031.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00725778

J. B. Pedro, S. O. Rasmussen, and T. D. Van-ommen, Rapid coupling of Antarctic temperature and atmospheric CO₂ during deglaciation, Climate of the Past Discussions, vol.8, issue.1, pp.621-63610, 2012.
DOI : 10.5194/cpd-8-621-2012

K. Pol, M. Debret, V. Masson-delmotte, E. Capron, O. Cattani et al., Links between MIS 11 millennial to sub-millennial climate variability and long term trends as revealed by new high resolution EPICA Dome C deuterium data – A comparison with the Holocene, Climate of the Past, vol.7, issue.2, pp.437-45010, 2011.
DOI : 10.5194/cp-7-437-2011-supplement

G. M. Raisbeck, F. Yiou, J. Jouzel, and T. F. Stocker, Direct north-south synchronization of abrupt climate change record in ice cores using Beryllium 10, Clim. Past, vol.35194, pp.541-54710, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00330765

D. Raynaud, V. Lipenkov, B. Lemieux-dudon, P. Duval, M. Loutre et al., The local insolation signature of air content in Antarctic ice. A new step toward an absolute dating of ice records, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.261, issue.3-4, pp.337-349, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.06.025
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00377262

N. Reeh, Dating by ice flow modeling : a useful tool or an exercice in applied mathematics?, in:The environmental record in glaciers and ice sheets, 1989.

C. Ritz, V. Rommelaere, and C. Dumas, Modeling the evolution of Antarctic ice sheet over the last 420,000 years: Implications for altitude changes in the Vostok region, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.79, issue.47, pp.31943-31964, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JD900232

R. Röthlisberger, M. Mudelsee, M. Bigler, M. De-angelis, H. Fischer et al., The Southern Hemisphere at glacial terminations: insights from the Dome C ice core, Clim. Past, vol.45194, pp.345-35610, 2008.

W. F. Ruddiman and A. Mcintyre, Abstract, Quaternary Research, vol.13, issue.02, pp.125-134, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0033-5894(73)90058-6

A. N. Salamatin, E. A. Tsyganova, S. V. Popov, and V. Y. Lipenkov, Ice flow line modeling in ice core data interpretation: Vostok Station (East Antarctica, Physics of Ice Core Records, 2009.

A. N. Salamatin, V. Y. Lipenkov, J. M. Barnola, A. Hori, P. Duval et al., Snow-firn densification in polar ice sheets, Physics of Ice Core Records-2, 2009.

A. Schilt, M. Baumgartner, J. Schwander, D. Buiron, E. Capron et al., Atmospheric nitrous oxide during the last 140,000years, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.300, issue.1-2, pp.33-43, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.027
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00653759

J. Schwander and B. Stauffer, Age difference between polar ice and the air trapped in its bubbles, Nature, vol.25, issue.5981, pp.311-356, 1984.
DOI : 10.1038/311045a0

M. Severi, S. Becagli, E. Castellano, A. Morganti, R. Traversi et al., Synchronisation of the EDML and EDC ice cores for the last 52 kyr by volcanic signature matching, Clim. Past, vol.35194, pp.367-37410, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00330758

M. Severi, R. Udisti, S. Becagli, B. Stenni, and R. Traversi, Volcanic synchronisation of the EPICA-DC and TALDICE ice cores for the last 42 kyr BP, Clim. Past, vol.85194, pp.509-51710, 2012.

J. P. Severinghaus, M. R. Albert, Z. R. Courville, M. A. Fahnestock, K. Kawamura et al., Deep air convection in the firn at a zero-accumulation site, central Antarctica, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.293, issue.3-4, pp.359-367, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.03.003

L. C. Sime, E. W. Wolff, K. I. Oliver, and J. C. Tindall, Evidence for warmer interglacials in East Antarctic ice cores, Nature, vol.311, issue.7271, pp.342-345, 2009.
DOI : 10.1038/nature08564

T. Sowers, M. Bender, R. , and D. , in polar ice, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.15, issue.112, pp.5137-5150, 1989.
DOI : 10.1029/JD094iD04p05137

T. A. Sowers, M. Bender, D. Raynaud, and Y. L. Korotkevich, in air trapped in polar ice: A tracer of gas transport in the firn and a possible constraint on ice age-gas age differences, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.316, issue.B, pp.15683-15697, 1992.
DOI : 10.1029/92JD01297

B. Stenni, D. Buiron, M. Frezzotti, S. Albani, C. Barbante et al., Expression of the bipolar see-saw in Antarctic climate records during the last deglaciation, F., and Udisti, R.: Expression of the bipolar see-saw in Antarctic climate records during the last deglaciation, pp.46-49, 2011.
DOI : 10.1038/ngeo1026
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00647558

T. F. Stocker and S. J. Johnsen, A minimum thermodynamic model for the bipolar seesaw, Paleoceanography, vol.22, issue.2, pp.1-9, 2003.
DOI : 10.1029/2003PA000920

H. Stommel, Thermohaline convection with two stable regimes of flow, Tellus, pp.224-230, 1961.

E. Witrant, P. Martinerie, C. Hogan, J. C. Laube, K. Kawamura et al., A new multi-gas constrained model of trace gas non-homogeneous transport in firn: evaluation and behavior at eleven polar sites, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, vol.11, issue.8, pp.23029-2308010, 2011.
DOI : 10.5194/acpd-11-23029-2011-supplement
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00691137