E. Akça, C. H. Schultz, N. Karbach, G. Schlott, B. Debaerdemaeker et al., Genes and derived amino acid sequences of S-layer proteins from mesophilic, thermophilic, and extremely thermophilic methanococci, Extremophiles, vol.6, issue.5, pp.351-358, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00792-001-0264-1

A. Allwood, M. Walter, B. Kamber, C. Marshall, and I. Burch, Stromatolite reef from the Early Archaean era of Australia, Nature, vol.4, issue.7094, pp.714-718, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/nature04764

A. Allwood, J. Grotzinger, A. Knoll, I. Burch, M. Andreson et al., Controls on development and diversity of Early Archean stromatolites, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.106, issue.24, pp.9548-9555, 2009.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0903323106

J. Antón, I. Meseguer, and F. Rodríguez-valera, Production of an extracellular polysaccharide by Haloferax mediterranei, Appl Environ Microb, vol.54, pp.2381-2386, 1988.

W. Balch and R. Wolfe, New approach to the cultivation of methanogenic bacteria: 2- mercaptoethanesulfonic acid (HS-CoM)-dependent growth of Methanobacterium ruminantium in a pressurized atmosphere, Appl Environ Microb, vol.32, pp.781-791, 1976.

J. Bartley, Actualistic Taphonomy of Cyanobacteria: Implications for the Precambrian Fossil Record, PALAIOS, vol.11, issue.6, pp.571-586, 1996.
DOI : 10.2307/3515192

L. Benning, V. Phoenix, Y. N. Tobin, and M. , Molecular characterization of cyanobacterial silicification using synchrotron infrared micro-spectroscopy, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.68, issue.4, pp.729-741, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00489-7

L. Benning, V. Phoenix, N. Yee, and K. Konhauser, The dynamics of cyanobacterial silicification: an infrared micro-spectroscopic investigation, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.68, issue.4, pp.743-757, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00488-5

O. Bethge, C. Holmström, and S. Juhlin, Quantitative gas chromatography of mixtures of simple sugar, Svenk Papperstidning, vol.69, pp.60-63, 1966.

S. Birnbaum, J. Wireman, and R. Borowski, Silica precipitation by the anaerobic sulphate reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio desulfuricans: effects upon cell morphology and implications for preservation In: Crick RE (ed) Origin, Evolution, and Modern Aspects of Biomineralization in Plants and Animals, pp.507-516, 1989.

M. Brasier, O. Green, A. Jephcoat, A. Kleppe, V. Kranendonk et al., Questioning the evidence for Earth's oldest fossils, Nature, vol.27, issue.6876, pp.76-81, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/416076a

J. Brocks and A. Pearson, Building the Biomarker Tree of Life, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, vol.59, issue.1, pp.233-258, 2005.
DOI : 10.2138/rmg.2005.59.10

C. Cambilleau and J. Claverie, Structural and Genomic Correlates of Hyperthermostability, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.275, issue.42, 2000.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.C000497200

G. Camoin, P. Gautret, L. Montaggioni, and G. Cabioch, Nature and environmental significance of microbialites in Quaternary reefs: the Tahiti paradox, Sedimentary Geology, vol.126, issue.1-4, pp.271-304, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0037-0738(99)00045-7

N. Carballeira, M. Reyes, A. Sostre, H. Huang, M. Verhagen et al., Unusual fatty acid compositions of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus and the bacterium Thermotoga maritima., Journal of Bacteriology, vol.179, issue.8, pp.2766-2768, 1997.
DOI : 10.1128/jb.179.8.2766-2768.1997

S. Chakravarty and R. Varadarajan, Elucidation of determinants of protein stability through genome sequence analysis, FEBS Letters, vol.274, issue.1, pp.65-6910, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01267-9

H. Claus, E. Akça, T. Debaerdemaeker, C. Evrard, J. Declercq et al., Primary Structure of Selected Archaeal Mesophilic and Extremely Thermophilic Outer Surface Layer Proteins, Systematic and Applied Microbiology, vol.25, issue.1, pp.3-12, 2002.
DOI : 10.1078/0723-2020-00100

L. Comont, F. Laggoun-défarge, and J. Disnar, Evolution of organic matter indicators in response to major environmental changes: The case of a formerly cut-over peat bog (Le Russey, Jura Mountains, France), Organic Geochemistry, vol.37, issue.12, pp.1736-1751, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.08.005

R. Das and M. Gerstein, The stability of thermophilic proteins: a study based on comprehensive genome comparison, Functional & Integrative Genomics, vol.1, issue.1, pp.76-88, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s101420000003

A. Decho, P. Visscher, and R. Reid, Production and cycling of natural microbial exopolymers (EPS) within a marine stromatolite, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.219, issue.1-2, pp.71-86, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.10.015

J. W. De-leeuw and C. Largeau, A Review of Macromolecular Organic Compounds That Comprise Living Organisms and Their Role in Kerogen, Coal, and Petroleum Formation, Organic Geochemistry ? Principles and Applications, pp.23-72, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4615-2890-6_2

J. Disnar, J. Jacob, M. Morched-issa, N. Lottier, and F. Arnaud, Assessment of peat quality by molecular and bulk geochemical analysis: Application to the Holocene record of the Chautagne marsh (Haute Savoie, France), Chemical Geology, vol.254, issue.1-2, pp.101-112, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.06.004
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00310963

J. Eichler, Facing extremes: archaeal surface-layer (glyco)proteins, Microbiology, vol.149, issue.12, pp.3347-3351, 2003.
DOI : 10.1099/mic.0.26591-0

F. Ferris, W. Fyfe, and T. Beveridge, Metallic ion binding by Bacillus subtilis: Implications for the fossilization of microorganisms, Geology, vol.16, issue.2, pp.149-152, 1988.
DOI : 10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0149:MIBBBS>2.3.CO;2

S. Francis, L. Margulis, and E. Barghoorn, On the experimental silicification of microorganisms, 1978.

P. Gautret and J. Trichet, Automicrites in modern cyanobacterial stromatolitic deposits of Rangiroa, Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia: Biochemical parameters underlaying their formation, Sedimentary Geology, vol.178, issue.1-2, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.03.012
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00091733

L. Hall-stoodley, J. Costerton, and P. Stoodley, Bacterial biofilms: from the Natural environment to infectious diseases, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.146, issue.2, pp.95-108, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-7012(99)00097-4

K. Handley, S. Turner, K. Campbell, and B. Mountain, Silicifying Biofilm Exopolymers on a Hot-Spring Microstromatolite: Templating Nanometer-Thick Laminae, Astrobiology, vol.8, issue.4, pp.747-770, 2008.
DOI : 10.1089/ast.2007.0172

P. Haney, J. Badger, G. Buldak, C. Reich, C. Woese et al., Thermal adaptation analyzed by comparison of protein sequences from mesophilic and extremely thermophilic Methanococcus species, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.96, issue.7, pp.3578-3583, 1999.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.96.7.3578

J. Hedges and R. Keil, Sedimentary organic matter preservation: an assessment and speculative synthesis, Marine Chemistry, vol.49, issue.2-3, pp.81-115, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-4203(95)00008-F

C. Jeanthon, Molecular ecology of hydrothermal vent microbial communities, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, vol.77, issue.2, pp.117-1331002463825025, 2000.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1002463825025

M. Johnson, C. Montero, S. Conners, K. Schockley, S. Bridger et al., Population density-dependent regulation of exopolysaccharide formation in the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima, Molecular Microbiology, vol.39, issue.3, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04419.x

W. Jones, J. Leigh, F. Mayer, C. Woese, and R. Wolfe, Methanococcus jannaschii sp. nov., an extremely thermophilic methanogen from a submarine hydrothermal vent, Archives of Microbiology, vol.238, issue.4, pp.254-261, 1983.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00425213

O. Kandler and H. König, Cell wall polymers in Archaea (Archaebacteria), Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS, vol.54, issue.4, pp.305-308, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s000180050156

G. Kaur, B. Mountain, and R. Pancost, Microbial membrane lipids in active and inactive sinters from Champagne Pool, New Zealand: Elucidating past geothermal chemistry and microbiology, Organic Geochemistry, vol.39, issue.8, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.04.016

J. Klock, A. Wieland, R. Seifert, and W. Michaelis, Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from cyanobacterial mats: characterisation and isolation method optimisation, Marine Biology, vol.49, issue.5, pp.1077-1085, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s00227-007-0754-5

H. Knicker and P. Hatcher, Survival of Protein in an Organic-Rich Sediment: Possible Protection by Encapsulation in Organic Matter, Naturwissenschaften, vol.84, issue.6, pp.231-234, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/s001140050384

H. Knicker and P. Hatcher, Sequestration of organic nitrogen in the sapropel from Mangrove Lake, Bermuda, Organic Geochemistry, vol.32, issue.5, pp.733-744, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00005-5

A. Knoll, P. Strother, and S. Rossi, Distribution and diagenesis of microfossils from the lower proterozoic duck creek dolomite, Western Australia, Precambrian Research, vol.38, issue.3, pp.257-279, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0301-9268(88)90005-8

K. Konhauser, B. Jones, V. Phoenix, G. Ferris, and R. Renaut, The Microbial Role in Hot Spring Silicification, AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, vol.33, issue.8, pp.552-558, 2004.
DOI : 10.1579/0044-7447-33.8.552

S. Lalonde, K. Konhauser, A. Reysenbach, and F. Ferris, The experimental silicification of Aquificales and their role in hot spring sinter formation, Geobiology, vol.15, issue.1, pp.41-52, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-2541(03)00120-7

C. Lapaglia and P. Hartzell, Stress-induced production of biofilm in the hyperthermophile Archaeoglobus fulgidus, Appl Environ Microbiol, vol.63, pp.3158-3163, 1997.

L. Maillard, Synthèse des matières humiques par action des acides aminés sur les sucres réducteurs, Annales de Chimie, vol.5, pp.258-317, 1916.

L. Mayer, Relationships between mineral surfaces and organic carbon concentrations in soils and sediments, Chemical Geology, vol.114, issue.3-4, pp.9-254190063, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2541(94)90063-9

J. Mcdonald, A. Grasso, and L. Rejto, Patterns of temperature adaptation in proteins from Methanococcus and Bacillus, Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol.16, issue.12, pp.1785-1790, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026090

M. Moers, J. De-leeuw, and M. Baas, Origin and diagenesis of carbohydrates in ancient sediments, Organic Geochemistry, vol.21, issue.10-11, pp.1093-1106, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0146-6380(94)90072-8

S. Mojzsis, G. Arrheinius, K. Mckeegan, T. Harrison, A. Nutman et al., Evidence for life on Earth before 3,800 million years ago, Nature, vol.384, issue.6604, pp.55-5910384055, 1038.
DOI : 10.1038/384055a0

T. Mongenot, A. Riboulleau, A. Garcette-lepecq, S. Derenne, Y. Pouet et al., Occurrence of proteinaceous moieties in S- and O-rich Late Tithonian kerogen (Kashpir oil Shales, Russia), Organic Geochemistry, vol.32, issue.1, pp.199-203, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0146-6380(00)00154-6

F. Neuweiler, P. Gautret, V. Thiel, R. Lange, W. Michaelis et al., Petrology of Lower Cretaceous carbonate mud mounds (Albian, N. Spain): insights into organomineralic deposits of the geological record, Sedimentology, vol.5, issue.5, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/35248

R. Nguyen and H. Harvey, Protein Preservation During Early Diagenesis in Marine Waters and Sediments, Nitrogen-containing Macromolecules in the Bio-and Geosphere. ACS Symposium Series 707, pp.89-112, 1998.
DOI : 10.1021/bk-1998-0707.ch007

R. Nguyen and H. Harvey, Preservation of protein in marine systems: Hydrophobic and other noncovalent associations as major stabilizing forces, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.65, issue.9, pp.1467-1480, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00621-9

R. Nguyen, R. Harvey, and H. , Preservation via macromolecular associations during Botryococcus braunii decay: proteins in the Pula Kerogen, Organic Geochemistry, vol.34, issue.10, pp.1391-1403, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0146-6380(03)00154-2

M. Nishihira, S. Nagahama, M. Ohga, and Y. Koga, Straight-chain fatty alcohols in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus, Extremophiles, vol.4, issue.5, pp.275-277, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s007920070013

J. Oehler and J. Schopf, Artificial Microfossils: Experimental Studies of Permineralization of Blue-Green Algae in Silica, Science, vol.174, issue.4015, pp.1229-1231, 1971.
DOI : 10.1126/science.174.4015.1229

J. Oehler, Experimental studies in Precambrian paleontology: Structural and chemical changes in blue-green algae during simulated fossilization in synthetic chert, Geological Society of America Bulletin, vol.87, issue.1, pp.117-129, 1976.
DOI : 10.1130/0016-7606(1976)87<117:ESIPPS>2.0.CO;2

S. Ogier, J. Disnar, P. Albéric, and G. Bourdier, Neutral carbohydrate geochemistry of particulate material (trap and core sediments) in an eutrophic lake (Aydat, France), Organic Geochemistry, vol.32, issue.1, pp.151-162, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0146-6380(00)00138-8
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00089809

F. Orange, F. Westall, J. Disnar, D. Prieur, N. Bienvenu et al., Experimental silicification of the extremophilic Archaea Pyrococcus abyssi and 28, 2009.

. Methanocaldococcus-jannaschii, Applications in the search for evidence of life in early Earth and extraterrestrial rocks, Geobiology, vol.7, pp.403-418

F. Orange, J. Disnar, F. Westall, D. Prieur, and P. Baillif, Metal cation binding by the hyperthermophilic microorganism, Archaea Methanocaldococcus Jannaschii, and its effects on silicification, Palaeontology, vol.17, issue.5, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01066.x
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00616553

R. Pancost, S. Pressley, J. Coleman, L. Benning, and B. Mountain, Lipid biomolecules in silica sinters: indicators of microbial biodiversity, Environmental Microbiology, vol.36, issue.1, pp.66-77, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2541(92)90021-V

R. D. Pancost, S. Pressley, J. M. Coleman, H. M. Talbot, S. P. Kelly et al., Composition and implications of diverse lipids in New Zealand Geothermal sinters, Geobiology, vol.36, issue.2, pp.71-92, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2541(92)90021-V

G. Patel, . Sprott, and . Gd, Archaeal Membrane Lipids, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/npg.els.0000385

H. Pflug and H. Jaeschke-boyer, Combined structural and chemical analysis of 3,800-Myr-old microfossils, Nature, vol.7, issue.5722, pp.483-48610, 1038.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(79)90238-2

V. Phoenix, D. Adams, and K. Konhauser, Cyanobacterial viability during hydrothermal biomineralization, Chem Geol, vol.169, issue.00, pp.9-254100212, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/s0009-2541(00)00212-6

H. Poinar and B. Stankiewicz, Protein preservation and DNA retrieval from ancient tissues, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.96, issue.15, pp.8426-8431, 1999.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.96.15.8426
URL : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC17532/pdf

A. Poli, G. Anzelmo, and B. Nicolaus, Bacterial Exopolysaccharides from Extreme Marine Habitats: Production, Characterization and Biological Activities, Marine Drugs, vol.8, issue.6, pp.1779-1802, 2010.
DOI : 10.3390/md8061779
URL : http://doi.org/10.3390/md8061779

A. Riboulleau, T. Mongenot, F. Baudin, S. Derenne, and C. Largeau, Factors controlling the survival of proteinaceous material in Late Tithonian kerogens (Kashpir Oil Shales, Russia), Organic Geochemistry, vol.33, issue.9, pp.1127-1130, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00081-5

K. Rinker and R. Kelly, Growth physiology of the hyperthermophilic Archaeon Thermococcus littoralis: development of a sulfur-free defined medium, characterization of an exopolysaccharide, and evidence of biofilm formation, Appl Environ Microbiol, vol.62, pp.4478-4485, 1996.

V. Salmon, S. Derenne, E. Lallier-verges, C. Largeau, and B. Beaudoin, Study of the role of the mineral matrix in sedimentary organic matter preservation (Cenomanian black shale, Central Italy) Mineral Magazine 62A, pp.1312-1313, 1998.

J. Schopf, Microfossils of the Early Archean Apex Chert: New Evidence of the Antiquity of Life, Science, vol.260, issue.5108, pp.640-646, 1993.
DOI : 10.1126/science.260.5108.640

S. Schopf, G. Wanner, R. R. Wirth, and R. , An archaeal bi-species biofilm formed by Pyrococcus furiosus and Methanopyrus kandleri, Archives of Microbiology, vol.67, issue.3, pp.371-377, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s00203-008-0371-9

S. Schultze-lam, F. Ferris, K. Kohnauser, and R. Wiese, In situ silicification of an Icelandic hot spring microbial mat: implications for microfossil formation, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol.32, issue.12, pp.2021-2026, 1995.
DOI : 10.1139/e95-155

J. Six, R. Conant, E. Paul, and K. Paustian, Stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter : Implications for C-saturation of soils, Plant and Soil, vol.241, issue.2, pp.155-176, 2002.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1016125726789

K. Sowers and R. Gunsalus, Adaptation for growth at various saline concentrations by the archaebacterium Methanosarcina thermophila., Journal of Bacteriology, vol.170, issue.2, pp.998-1002, 1988.
DOI : 10.1128/jb.170.2.998-1002.1988

M. Stefanova and J. Disnar, Composition and early diagenesis of fatty acids in lacustrine sediments, lake Aydat (France), Organic Geochemistry, vol.31, issue.1, pp.41-5510, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0146-6380(99)00134-5
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00091246

E. Tanoue, M. Ishii, and T. Midorikawa, Discrete dissolved and particulate proteins in oceanic waters, Limnology and Oceanography, vol.41, issue.6, pp.1334-1343, 1996.
DOI : 10.4319/lo.1996.41.6.1334

M. Tice and D. Lowe, Photosynthetic microbial mats in the 3,416-Myr-old ocean, Nature, vol.77, issue.7008, pp.522-52310, 1038.
DOI : 10.1126/science.285.5430.1055

M. Tice and D. Lowe, Tectonic controls on atmospheric, climatic, and biological evolution, 2007.

J. Toporski, A. Steele, F. Westall, K. Thomas-keprta, and D. Mckay, The simulated silicification of bacteria ? new clues to the modes and timing of bacterial preservation and implications for the search for extraterrestrialmicrofossils, Astrobiology, vol.2, pp.21-26, 2002.

T. Tornabene, R. Wolfe, W. Balch, G. Holzer, G. Fox et al., Phytanyl-glycerol ethers and squalenes in the archaebacteriumMethanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, Journal of Molecular Evolution, vol.109, issue.3, pp.259-266, 1978.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01734487

T. Tornabene and T. Langworthy, Diphytanyl and dibiphytanyl glycerol ether lipids of methanogenic archaebacteria, Science, vol.203, issue.4375, pp.51-53, 1979.
DOI : 10.1126/science.758677

G. Underwood, D. Paterson, and R. Parkes, The measurement of microbial carbohydrate exopolymers from intertidal sediments, Limnology and Oceanography, vol.40, issue.7, pp.1243-1253, 1995.
DOI : 10.4319/lo.1995.40.7.1243

M. Vandenbroucke and C. Largeau, Kerogen origin, evolution and structure, Organic Geochemistry, vol.38, issue.5, pp.719-833, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.01.001
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/bioemco-00147220

M. Van-zuilen, A. Lepland, and A. Arrhenius, Reassessing the evidence for the earliest traces of life, Nature, vol.271, issue.6898, pp.627-630, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00124-6

M. Walsh, Microfossils and possible microfossils from the early archean onverwacht group, Barberton mountain land, South Africa, Precambrian Research, vol.54, issue.2-4, pp.271-293, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0301-9268(92)90074-X

M. Walsh, Evaluation of Early Archean Volcaniclastic and Volcanic Flow Rocks as Possible Sites for Carbonaceous Fossil Microbes, Astrobiology, vol.4, issue.4, pp.429-437, 2004.
DOI : 10.1089/ast.2004.4.429

F. Westall, The influence of cell wall composition on the fossilization of bacteria and the implications for the search for early life forms, Astronomical and Biochemical Origins and the Search for Life in the Universe. Editori Compositrici, pp.491-504, 1997.

F. Westall, Early life: nature, distribution and evolution, Gargaud M, López-García P, 2011.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511933875.027
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00614978

F. Westall and R. Folk, Exogenous carbonaceous microstructures in Early Archaean cherts and BIFs from the Isua Greenstone Belt: implications for the search for life in ancient rocks, Precambrian Research, vol.126, issue.3-4, pp.313-330, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0301-9268(03)00102-5
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00088213

F. Westall and G. Southam, The early record of life, 2006.
DOI : 10.1029/164GM18
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00088721

F. Westall and B. Cavalazzi, Biosignatures in Rocks, Geobiology, pp.189-201, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4020-9212-1_36
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00614980

F. Westall, L. Boni, and E. Guerzoni, The experimental silicification of microorganisms, 1995.

F. Westall, A. Steele, J. Toporski, M. Walsh, C. Allen et al., Polymeric substances and biofilms as biomarkers in terrestrial materials: Implications for extraterrestrial samples, Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, vol.97, issue.5, pp.24511-2452710, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JE001250

I. Wright, J. Rouzaud, D. Marchesini, and A. Severine, The 3.466 Ga Kitty " s Gap Chert " " , an early Archean microbial ecosystem, Geological Society of America special paper, vol.405, pp.105-131, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00023150

F. Westall, C. De-ronde, G. Southam, N. Grassineau, M. Colas et al., Implications of a 3.472-3.333 Gyr-old subaerial microbial mat from the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa for the UV environmental conditions on the early Earth, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.20, issue.1-2, pp.1857-18751896, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S0301-9268(00)00127-3
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00113393

S. Wirick, A. Hofmann, A. Meibom, F. Robert, and C. Défarge, Implications of in situ calcification for photosynthesis in a ~3.3 Ga-old microbial biofilm from the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa, Earth Planet Sc Lett, vol.310, pp.468-479, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00619448

R. Wicks, M. Moran, L. Pittman, and R. Hodson, Carbohydrates signatures of aquatic macrophytes and their dissolved degradation products as determined by sensitive highperformance ion chromatography method, Appl Environ Microb, vol.57, pp.3135-3143, 1991.

X. Zang, J. Van-heemst, K. Dria, and P. Hatcher, Encapsulation of protein in humic acid from a histosol as an explanation for the occurrence of organic nitrogen in soil and sediment, Organic Geochemistry, vol.31, issue.7-8, pp.679-695, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0146-6380(00)00040-1