Climate forcing reconstructions for use in PMIP simulations of the last millennium (v1.0)

G.A. Schmidt (1, 2) , J.H. Jungclaus (3) , C. M. Ammann (4) , E. Bard (5) , P. Braconnot (6, 7) , T. J. Crowley (8) , G. Delaygue (9) , F. Joos (10, 11) , N. A. Krivova (12) , R. Muscheler (13) , B. Otto-Bliesner (4) , J. Pongratz (14) , D. T. Shindell (1, 2) , S. K. Solanki (15, 16) , F. Steinhilber (10) , L.E.A. Vieira (17)

1 CCSR - Center for Climate Systems Research [New York]
2 GISS - NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies
3 MPI-M - Max Planck Institute for Meteorology
4 NCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder]
5 Collège de France - Chaire Evolution du climat et de l'océan
6 LSCE - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette]
7 MERMAID - Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics
8 School of Geosciences [Edinburgh]
9 CLIPS
10 CEP - Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern]
11 OCCR - Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research
12 MPIC - Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
13 Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences [Lund]
14 DGE - Department of Global Ecology [Carnegie]
15 School of Space Research
16 MPS - Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung
17 LPC2E - Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace

Simulations of climate over the Last Millennium (850-1850 CE) have been incorporated into the third phase of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP3). The drivers of climate over this period are chiefly orbital, solar, volcanic, changes in land use/land cover and some variation in greenhouse gas levels. While some of these effects can be easily defined, the reconstructions of solar, volcanic and land use-related forcing are more uncertain. We describe here the approach taken in defining the scenarios used in PMIP3, document the forcing reconstructions and discuss likely implications.

Keywords: Cycles 21-23; Ice Core; Total Solar Irradiance; Maunder Minimum; Be-10; Atmospheric Co2; Variability; Index; Magnetic-Field; Trend

Domains: Geomorphology

G.A. Schmidt, J.H. Jungclaus, C. M. Ammann, E. Bard, P. Braconnot, et al.. Climate forcing reconstructions for use in PMIP simulations of the last millennium (v1.0). Geoscientific Model Development, 2011, 4 (1), pp33-45. ⟨10.5194/gmd-4-33-2011⟩. ⟨insu-00605117⟩