M. O. Andreae, T. W. Andreae, R. J. Ferek, R. , and H. , Long-range transport of soot carbon in the marine atmosphere, Science of The Total Environment, vol.36, pp.73-80, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0048-9697(84)90249-3

M. O. Andreae and A. Gelencsér, Black carbon or brown carbon? The nature of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.6, issue.10, pp.3131-314810, 2006.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-6-3131-2006
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00295993

U. Baltensperger, H. W. Gaggeler, D. T. Jost, M. Lugauer, M. Schwikowski et al., Aerosol climatology at the high-alpine site Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.24, issue.Suppl. 1, pp.19707-19715, 1997.
DOI : 10.1029/97JD00928

S. S. Babu and K. K. Moorthy, Aerosol black carbon over a tropical coastal station in India, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.27, issue.23, pp.10-1029, 2002.
DOI : 10.1029/2002GL015662

S. S. Babu, S. K. Satheesh, and K. Moorthy, Aerosol radiative forcing due to enhanced black carbon at an urban site in India, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.104, issue.D22, pp.10-1029, 1880.
DOI : 10.1029/2002GL015826

S. S. Babu, K. K. Moorthy, and S. K. Satheesh, Aerosol black carbon over Arabian Sea during intermonsoon and summer monsoon seasons, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.15, issue.D19, pp.10-1029, 2004.
DOI : 10.1029/2003GL018716

A. P. Barros and T. J. Lang, Monitoring the Monsoon in the Himalayas: Observations in Central Nepal, June 2001, Monthly Weather Review, vol.131, issue.7, pp.1408-1427, 2001.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<1408:MTMITH>2.0.CO;2

G. N. Beegum, K. K. Moorthy, S. S. Babu, S. Sathhesh, V. Vinoj et al., Spatial distribution of aerosol black carbon over India during pre-monsoon season, Atmospheric Environment, vol.43, issue.5, pp.1071-1078, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.11.042

L. Bertolani, M. Bollasina, and G. Tartari, Recent biennial variability of meteorological features in the eastern Highland Himalayas, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.69, issue.15, pp.2185-2188, 2000.
DOI : 10.1029/1999GL011198

B. A. Bodhaine, Aerosol absorption measurements at Barrow, Mauna Loa and the south pole, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.39, issue.A, pp.8967-8975, 1995.
DOI : 10.1029/95JD00513

P. Bonasoni, P. Laj, F. Angelini, J. Arduini, U. Bonafè et al., The ABC-Pyramid Atmospheric Research Observatory in Himalaya for aerosol, ozone and halocarbon measurements, Science of The Total Environment, vol.391, issue.2-3, pp.241-251, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.10.024

P. Bonasoni, P. Laj, A. Marinoni, M. Sprenger, F. Angelini et al., Atmospheric Brown Clouds in the Himalayas: first two years of continuous observations at the Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (5079 m), Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.105194, pp.7515-753110, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00553639

C. M. Carrico, M. H. Bergin, A. B. Shrestha, J. E. Dibb, L. Gomes et al., The importance of carbon and mineral dust to seasonal aerosol properties in the Nepal Himalaya, Atmospheric Environment, vol.37, issue.20, pp.2811-2824, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00197-3

H. Cachier, P. Buat-ménard, M. Fontugne, C. , and R. , Long-range transport of continentally-derived particulate carbon in the marine atmosphere: Evidence from stable isotope studies, pp.161-177, 1986.

C. Y. Chan, K. H. Wong, Y. S. Li, L. Y. Chan, and X. D. Zheng, The effects of Southeast Asia fire activities on tropospheric ozone, trace gases and aerosols at a remote site over Tibetan Plateu of Southwest China, pp.310-318, 2006.

C. Mouli, P. Venkata-mohan, S. , J. Reddy, and S. , Chemical Composition of Atmospheric Aerosol (PM10) at a Semi-arid Urban Site: Influence of Terrestrial Sources, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol.33, issue.18, pp.291-305, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s10661-006-0988-6

Z. Cong, S. Kang, A. Smirnov, and B. Holben, Aerosol optical properties at Nam Co, a remote site in central Tibetan Plateau, Atmospheric Research, vol.92, issue.1, pp.42-48, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.08.005

J. Cozic, B. Verheggen, S. Mertes, P. Connolly, K. Bower et al., Scavenging of black carbon in mixed phase clouds at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.75194, pp.1797-180710, 1797.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00296189

S. H. Chung and J. H. Seinfeld, Climate response of direct radiative forcing of anthropogenic black carbon, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.8, issue.D22, pp.10-1029, 2005.
DOI : 10.1029/2004JD005441

S. Decesari, M. C. Facchini, and C. Carbone, Chemical composition of PM 10 and PM 1 at the high-altitude Himalayan station Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (NCO-P) (5079 m a.s, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.105194, pp.4583-459610, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00554278

R. Duchi, P. Cristofanelli, A. Marinoni, F. Calzolari, S. Decesari et al., Mineral dust transport events at NCO-P (South Himalayas,5079 m a.s, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss, 2010.

P. Forster, V. Ramaswamy, and P. Artaxo, Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing, in Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007.

D. Ganguly, A. Jayaraman, T. A. Rajesh, and H. Gadhavi, Wintertime aerosol properties during foggy and nonfoggy days over urban center Delhi and their implications for shortwave radiative forcing, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.308, issue.4, pp.10-1029, 2006.
DOI : 10.1029/2005JD007029

R. Gautam, Z. Liu, R. P. Singh, and N. C. Hsu, Two contrasting dust-dominant periods over India observed from MODIS and CALIPSO data, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.103, issue.1, pp.10-1029, 2009.
DOI : 10.1029/2008GL036967
URL : http://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1249&context=scs_articles

J. Hansen, A. Lacis, D. Rind, G. Russell, P. Stone et al., Climate sensitivity: Analysis of feedback mechanisms, Climate Processes and Climate Sensitivity, pp.130-163, 1984.
DOI : 10.1029/GM029p0130

J. Hansen, I. Fung, A. Lacis, D. Rind, . Lebedeff et al., Global climate changes as forecast by Goddard Institute for Space Studies three-dimensional model, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.234, issue.D8, pp.9341-9364, 1988.
DOI : 10.1029/JD093iD08p09341

S. Henne, J. Klausen, W. Junkermann, J. M. Kariuki, J. O. Aseyo et al., Representativeness and climatology of carbon monoxide and ozone at the global GAW station Mt, Africa Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.85194, pp.3119-313910, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00303208

H. Horvarth, Atmospheric light absorption???A review, Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics, vol.27, issue.3, pp.293-317, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90104-7

A. P. Hyvärinen, H. Lihavainen, M. Komppula, V. P. Sharma, V. M. Kerminen et al., Continuous measurements of optical properties of atmospheric aerosols in Mukteshwar, northern India, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.34, issue.41, pp.820710-1029, 2009.
DOI : 10.1029/2008JD011489

M. Z. Jacobson, Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols, Nature, vol.409, issue.6821, pp.695-697, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/35055518

M. Kanakidou, J. H. Seinfeld, S. N. Pandis, I. Barnes, F. J. Dentener et al., Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review, Atmos . Chem. Phys, vol.55194, pp.1053-112310, 1053.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00328384

L. T. Khemani, G. A. Momin, M. S. Naik, V. Kumar, R. et al., H: Chemical composition and size distribution of atmospheric aerosol over Deccan Plateau, pp.151-158, 1982.

P. Krishnan and P. K. Kunhikrishnan, Temporal variations of ventilation coefficient at a tropical Indian station using UHF wind profiler, Curr. Sci, vol.86, pp.447-451, 2004.

P. Laj, J. Klausen, and M. Bilde, Measuring atmospheric composition change, Atmospheric Environment, vol.43, issue.33, pp.5351-5414, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.08.020
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00422899

J. Lelieveld, P. J. Crutzen, and V. Ramanathan, The Indian Ocean Experiment: Widespread Air Pollution from South and Southeast Asia, Science, vol.291, issue.5506, pp.1031-1036, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1057103

J. Lelieveld, P. Hoor, P. Jöockel, A. Pozzer, and P. Hadjinicolaou, www.atmos-chem-phys.net, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.108551, issue.10, pp.8551-8562, 2010.

A. Marinoni, Aerosol mass and black carbon concentrations Severe ozone air pollution in the Persian Gulf region, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.50795194, issue.9, pp.1393-140610, 1393.

C. Liousse, H. Cachier, J. , and S. G. , Optical and thermal measurements of black carbon aerosol content in different environments: Variation of the specific attenuation cross-section, sigma (??), Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics, vol.27, issue.8, pp.1203-1211, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90246-U

A. Marinoni, P. Cristofanelli, F. Calzolari, F. Roccato, U. Bonafe et al., Continuous measurements of aerosol physical parameters at the Mt, Cimone GAW Station

S. Marcq, P. Laj, P. Villani, J. C. Roger, K. Sellegri et al., Aerosol optical properties and radiative forcing in the high Himalaya based on measurements at the Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid site (5079 m a.s.l.), Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.10, issue.13, pp.5859-587210, 2010.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-10-5859-2010
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00554361

J. Ming, C. Xiao, J. Sun, S. Kang, and P. Bonasoni, Carbonaceous particles in the atmosphere and precipitation of the Nam Co region, central Tibet, Journal of Environmental Sciences, vol.22, issue.11, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/S1001-0742(09)60315-6

T. Novakov, M. O. Andreae, R. Gabriel, T. W. Kirchstetter, O. L. Mayol-bracero et al., Origin of carbonaceous aerosols over the tropical Indian Ocean: Biomass burning or fossil fuels?, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.24, issue.24, pp.4061-4064, 2000.
DOI : 10.1029/2000GL011759

S. Nyeki, U. Baltensperger, I. Colbeck, D. T. Jost, E. Weingartner et al., The Jungfraujoch high-alpine research station (3454 m) as a background clean continental site for the measurement of aerosol parameters, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.29, issue.A, pp.6097-6107, 1998.
DOI : 10.1029/97JD03123

P. Pant, P. Hedge, U. C. Dumka, R. Sagar, S. K. Satheesh et al., Aerosol characteristics at a high-altitude location in central Himalayas: Optical properties and radiative forcing, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.36, issue.3, pp.1720610-1029, 2006.
DOI : 10.1029/2005JD006768

A. Petzold, H. Kramer, and M. Schonlinner, Continuous Measurement of Atmospheric Black Carbon Using a Multi-Angle Absorpton Photometer, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res, vol.4, pp.78-82, 2002.

A. Petzold and M. Schonlinner, Multi-angle absorption photometry???a new method for the measurement of aerosol light absorption and atmospheric black carbon, Journal of Aerosol Science, vol.35, issue.4, pp.421-441, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2003.09.005

P. A. Pillai and K. Mohankumar, Tropospheric biennial oscillation of the Indian summer monsoon with and without the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, International Journal of Climatology, vol.14, issue.15, pp.2095-2101, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/joc.1503

J. Putaud, F. Raes, R. Van-dingenen, E. Bruggemann, M. C. Facchini et al., A European aerosol phenomenology???2: chemical characteristics of particulate matter at kerbside, urban, rural and background sites in Europe, Atmospheric Environment, vol.38, issue.16, pp.2579-2595, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.01.041

V. Ramanathan, P. J. Crutzen, and J. Lelieveld, Indian Ocean Experiment: An integrated analysis of the climate forcing and effects of the great Indo-Asian haze, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.77, issue.46, pp.28371-28398, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JD900133

V. Ramanathan, F. Li, and M. V. Ramana, Atmospheric brown clouds: Hemispherical and regional variations in long-range transport, absorption, and radiative forcing, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.14, issue.D21, pp.10-1029, 2007.
DOI : 10.1029/2006JD008124

S. Ruellan, H. Cachier, A. Gaudichet, P. Masclet, and L. J. , Airborne aerosols over central Africa during the Experiment for Regional Sources and Sinks of Oxidants (EXPRESSO), Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.33, issue.suppl. 1, pp.30673-30690, 1999.
DOI : 10.1029/1999JD900804

A. Saha, P. Pant, U. C. Dumka, P. Hegde, M. K. Srivastava et al., Aerosol Characteristics at a high-altitude station Nainital during the ISRO-GBP Land Campaign-II, Proceedings of the SRO-GBP Land-Campaign-II meeting, pp.1-2, 2005.

K. Sellegri, P. Laj, H. Venzac, D. Picard, P. Villani et al., Seasonal variation of aerosol size distribution based on long-term measurements at the high altitude Himalayan site of Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (5079 m), Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss, 2010.

K. Sellegri, P. Laj, A. Marinoni, R. Dupuy, M. Legrand et al., Contribution of gaseous and particulate species to droplet solute composition at the Puy de D??me, France, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.3, issue.5, pp.1509-152210, 1509.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-3-1509-2003

A. B. Shrestha, C. P. Wake, J. E. Dibb, P. A. Mayewski, S. I. Whitlow et al., Seasonal variations in aerosol concentrations and compositions in the Nepal Himalaya, Seasonal variations in aerosol concentrations and compositions in the Nepal Himalaya, pp.3349-3363, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00366-0

J. Sun and P. A. Ariya, Atmospheric organic and bio-aerosols as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN): A review, Atmospheric Environment, vol.40, issue.5, pp.795-820, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.05.052

H. Venzac, K. Sellegri, P. Villani, D. Picard, and P. Laj, Seasonal variation of aerosol size distributions in the free troposphere and residual layer at the puy de D??me station, France, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.9, issue.4, pp.1465-147810, 1465.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-9-1465-2009