M. A. Altabet, R. Francois, D. W. Murray, and W. L. , Climate-related variations in denitrification in the Arabian Sea from sediment 15 N/ 14 N ratios, Nature, p.373, 1995.

W. H. Berger and A. Soutar, Preservation of Plankton Shells in an Anaerobic Basin off California, Geological Society of America Bulletin, vol.81, issue.1, pp.275-282, 1970.
DOI : 10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[275:POPSIA]2.0.CO;2

W. H. Berger and G. Wefer, Central themes of South Atlantic circulation, in The South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation, pp.1-11, 1996.

P. Bertrand and E. , Past sedimentary organic matter accumulation and degradation controlled by productivity, Nature, vol.364, issue.6440, pp.786-788, 1993.
DOI : 10.1038/364786a0

P. Bertrand, T. F. Pedersen, P. Martinez, S. E. Calvert, and G. Shimmield, Sea level impact on nutrient cycling in coastal upwelling areas during deglaciation: Evidence from nitrogen isotopes, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol.43, issue.3, pp.341-355, 2000.
DOI : 10.1029/1999GB900099

P. Bertrand, J. Giraudeau, B. Malaizé, P. Martinez, M. Gallinari et al., Occurrence of an exceptional carbonate dissolution episode during early glacial isotope stage 6 in the Southeastern Atlantic, Marine Geology, vol.180, issue.1-4, pp.235-248, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00216-X

T. Bickert and G. Wefer, Late Quaternary deep water circulation in the South Atlantic, in The South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation, pp.599-620, 1996.

T. Bickert and G. Wefer, South Atlantic and benthic foraminifer ??13C deviations: implications for reconstructing the Late Quaternary deep-water circulation, Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, vol.46, issue.1-2, pp.437-452, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00098-8

J. Crusius, S. E. Calvert, T. F. Pedersen, and D. Sage, Rhenium and molybdenum enrichments in sediments as indicators of oxic, suboxic and sulfidic conditions of deposition, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.145, issue.1-4, pp.5-78, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0012-821X(96)00204-X

P. C. De-graciansky, P. C. Deroo, J. P. Herbin, L. Montadert, C. Müller et al., Ocean-wide stagnation episode in the late Cretaceous, Ocean-wide stagnation episode in the late Cretaceous, pp.346-349, 1984.
DOI : 10.1038/308346a0

G. Demaison and G. T. Moore, Anoxic environments and oil source bed genesis, Organic Geochemistry, vol.2, issue.1, pp.1179-1209, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0146-6380(80)90017-0

S. Derenne, C. Largeau, E. Casadevall, C. Berkaloff, and B. Rousseau, Chemical evidence of kerogen formation in source rocks and oil shales via selective preservation of thin resistant outer walls of microalgae: Origin of ultralaminae, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.55, issue.4, pp.1041-1051, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(91)90162-X

B. Diekmann, R. Petschick, F. X. Gingele, D. Fütterer, A. Abelmann et al., Clay mineral fluctuations in late Quaternary sediments of the southeastern South Atlantic: Implications for past changes of deep water advection, in The South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation, pp.621-644, 1996.

L. Diester-haas, P. A. Meyers, and P. Rothe, The Benguela Current and associated upwelling on the southwest African Margin: a synthesis of the Neogene-Quaternary sedimentary record at DSDP sites 362 and 532, Upwelling Systems: Evolution Since the Early Miocene, pp.331-342, 1992.
DOI : 10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.22

J. Duplessy, N. J. Shackleton, R. G. Fairbanks, L. Labeyrie, D. Oppo et al., Deepwater source variations during the last climatic cycle and their impact on the global deepwater circulation, Paleoceanography, vol.2, issue.3, pp.343-360, 1988.
DOI : 10.1029/PA003i003p00343

J. Duplessy, L. Labeyrie, M. Paterne, S. Hovine, T. Fichefet et al., High latitude deep water sources during the Last Glacial Maximum and the intensity of the global oceanic circulation, in The South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation, pp.445-460, 1996.

R. W. Eppley and B. J. Peterson, Particulate organic matter flux and planktonic new production in the deep ocean, Nature, vol.20, issue.5740, pp.677-680, 1979.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00394908

J. Espitalié, G. Deroo, and F. Marquis, La pyrolyse Rock-Eval et ses applications. Premi??re partie., Revue de l'Institut Fran??ais du P??trole, vol.40, issue.5, pp.563-579, 1985.
DOI : 10.2516/ogst:1985035

J. Espitalié, G. Deroo, and F. Marquis, La pyrolyse Rock-Eval et ses applications. Troisi??me partie., Revue de l'Institut Fran??ais du P??trole, vol.41, issue.1, pp.755-784, 1985.
DOI : 10.2516/ogst:1986003

J. W. Farrell, T. F. Pedersen, S. E. Calvert, and B. Nielsen, Glacial?????-interglacial changes in nutrient utilization in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, Nature, vol.377, issue.6549, pp.514-517, 1995.
DOI : 10.1038/377514a0

R. S. Ganeshram, T. F. Pedersen, S. E. Calvert, and J. W. Murray, Large changes in oceanic nutrient inventories from glacial to interglacial periods, Nature, vol.376, issue.6543, pp.755-758, 1995.
DOI : 10.1038/376755a0

R. S. Ganeshram, S. E. Calvert, T. F. Pedersen, and G. L. Cowie, Factors controlling the burial of organic carbon in laminated and bioturbated sediments off NW Mexico: implications for hydrocarbon preservation, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.63, issue.11-12, pp.1723-1734, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00073-3

B. Hales, S. Emerson, and A. D. Dummy, Respiration and dissolution in the sediments of the western North Atlantic: estimates from models of in situ microelectrode measurements of porewater oxygen and pH, Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.41, issue.4, pp.695-719, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0967-0637(94)90050-7

G. R. Helz, C. V. Miller, J. M. Charnock, J. F. Mosselmans, R. A. Pattrick et al., Mechanism of molybdenum removal from the sea and its concentration in black shales: EXAFS evidence, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.60, issue.19, pp.3631-3642, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(96)00195-0

M. E. Holmes, P. J. Müller, R. Schneider, M. Segl, and G. Wefer, Spatial variations in euphotic zone nitrate utilization based on ?? 15 N in surface sediments, Geo-Marine Letters, vol.18, issue.1, pp.58-65, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s003670050052

A. Y. Huc, Aspects of depositional processes of organic matter in sedimentary basins, Org. Geochem, vol.13, pp.433-443, 1988.

A. Y. Huc, P. Bertrand, D. A. Stow, J. Gayet, and M. Vandenbroucke, Organic sedimentation in deep offshore settings: the Quaternary sediments approach, Marine and Petroleum Geology, vol.18, issue.4, pp.513-517, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0264-8172(00)00069-6

L. Hutchings, G. C. Pitcher, T. A. Probyn, and G. W. Bayley, The chemical and biological consequences of coastal upwelling, Upwelling in the Ocean: Modern Processes and Ancient Records, pp.65-81, 1995.

G. Kirst, P. J. Müller, R. R. Schneider, I. Storch, and G. Wefer, Late Quaternary Temperature Variability in the Benguela Current System Derived from Alkenones, Quaternary Research, vol.24, issue.01, pp.92-103, 1999.
DOI : 10.1357/002224086788403105

C. B. Lange, W. H. Berger, H. L. Lin, and G. Wefer, The early Matuyama Diatom Maximum off SW Africa, Benguela Current System (ODP Leg 175), Benguela Current System (ODP leg 175), pp.93-114, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-3227(99)00081-X

F. F. Langford and M. M. Blanc-valleron, Interpreting Rock-Eval pyrolysis data using graphs of pyrolizable hydrocarbons vs. total organic carbon, AAPG Bull, vol.74, pp.799-804, 1990.

J. R. Lutjeharms, The exchange of water between the south Indian and South Atlantic Oceans, in The South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation, pp.125-162, 1996.

P. Martinez, P. Bertrand, I. Bouloubassi, G. Bareille, G. Shimmield et al., An integrated view of inorganic and organic biogeochemical indicators of palaeoproductivity changes in a coastal upwelling area, Organic Geochemistry, vol.24, issue.4, pp.411-420, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0146-6380(96)00044-7

J. R. Miller and G. L. , Ocean heat transport during the Last Glacial Maximum, Paleoceanography, vol.77, issue.2, pp.141-155, 1989.
DOI : 10.1029/PA004i002p00141

D. W. Oppo and R. G. Fairbanks, ???, Paleoceanography, vol.5, issue.5, pp.277-288, 1990.
DOI : 10.1029/PA005i005p00709

D. W. Oppo, R. G. Fairbanks, A. L. Gordon, and N. J. Shackleton, Late Pleistocene Southern Ocean d 13 C variability, Paleoceanography, vol.5, pp.4-7, 1990.
DOI : 10.1029/pa005i001p00043

T. F. Pedersen and S. E. Calvert, Anoxia versus productivity: What controls the formation of organic-rich sediments and sedimentary rocks?, AAPG Bull, vol.74, pp.454-466, 1990.

R. Peinert, B. Von-bodungen, and V. S. Smetacek, Food web structure and loss rate, Productivity of the Ocean: Present and Past

P. Babu, C. , H. Brumsack, and B. Schnetger, Distribution of organic carbon in surface sediments along the eastern Arabian Sea: a revisit, Marine Geology, vol.162, issue.1, pp.91-103, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-3227(99)00047-X

L. Ramanampisoa and J. Disnar, Primary control of paleoproduction on organic matter preservation and accumulation in the Kimmeridge rocks of Yorkshire (UK), Organic Geochemistry, vol.21, issue.12, pp.1153-1167, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0146-6380(94)90160-0

B. Ransom, R. H. Bennett, R. Baerwald, and K. Shea, TEM study of in situ organic matter on continental margins: occurrence and the ???monolayer??? hypothesis, Marine Geology, vol.138, issue.1-2, pp.1-9, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00012-1

W. M. Sackett, Stable carbon isotope studies on organic matter in the marine environment, in Handbook of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry, pp.139-169, 1989.

M. Sarnthein, K. Winn, S. Jung, J. Duplessy, L. Labeyrie et al., Changes in East Atlantic Deepwater Circulation over the last 30,000 years: Eight time slice reconstructions, Paleoceanography, vol.103, issue.1, pp.209-267, 1994.
DOI : 10.1029/93PA03301

G. Schmiedl and A. Mackensen, Late Quaternary paleoproductivity and deep water circulation in the eastern South Atlantic Ocean: Evidence from benthic foraminifera, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.130, issue.1-4, pp.43-80, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-0182(96)00137-X

L. V. Shannon and G. Nelson, The Benguela: Large features and processes and system variability, in The South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation, pp.163-210, 1996.

D. V. Stow, South Atlantic organic-rich sediments: facies, processes and environments of deposition, Marine Petroleum Source Rocks, pp.287-299, 1987.
DOI : 10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.20

C. P. Summerhayes, D. Kroon, A. Rosell-melé, R. W. Jordan, H. Schrader et al., Variability in the Benguela Current upwelling system over the past 70,000 years, Variability in the Benguela Current upwelling system over the past 70,000 years, pp.207-251, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0079-6611(95)00008-5