F. Normandiecbn and L. Granulats, Morillon Corvol and STREF) We thank D. Ke´ravisKe´ravis and J.P. Bakyono for their assistance in laboratory analysis, We thank also H. Noeï, S. Ogier, P. Loveland and anonymous reviewers for their help, remarks and advice

D. Ariztegui, C. Chondrogianni, E. Lafargue, and J. A. Mckenzie, Compositional variations in sedimentary organic matter in Lake Albano Holocene record: ecosystem reaction to environmental changes, International Journal of Limnology, vol.55, pp.111-117, 1996.

J. A. Baldock and J. O. Skjemstad, Role of the soil matrix and minerals in protecting natural organic materials against biological attack, Organic Geochemistry, vol.31, issue.7-8, pp.697-710, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0146-6380(00)00049-8

J. Balesdent and B. Guillet, Les datations par le 14 C desmatiè res organiques des sols. Contribution a` l'e´tudee´tude de l'humification et du renouvellement des substances humiques, Science du Sol, vol.2, pp.93-111, 1982.

D. Giovanni, C. Disnar, J. R. Bichet, V. Campy, M. Guillet et al., Geochemical characterization of soil organic matter and variability of a postglacial detritical organic supply, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, pp.1057-1069, 1998.

D. Giovanni, C. Disnar, J. R. Campy, M. Macaire, and J. J. , Variability of the ancient organic supply in modern humus, Analusis, vol.27, issue.5, pp.398-402, 1999.
DOI : 10.1051/analusis:1999270398

J. R. Disnar, Determination of maximum paleotemperatures of burial (MPTB) of sedimentary rocks from pyrolysis data on the associated organic matter: basic principles and practical application, Chemical Geology, vol.118, issue.1-4, pp.289-299, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2541(94)90182-1

J. R. Disnar and J. Trichet, The influence of various divalent cations (UO22+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Mn2+) on the thermally induced evolution of organic matter isolated from an algal mat, Organic Geochemistry, vol.6, pp.865-874, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0146-6380(84)90109-8

J. R. Disnar, B. Guillet, D. Keravis, R. Massif, and C. Di-giovanni, Soil organic matter (SOM) characterization by Rock-Eval pyrolysis: main classical parameters, Entering the Third Millennium with a Common Approach to Humic Substances and Organic Matter in Water, Soil and Sediments (Proceedings of the International Humic Substances Society 10), pp.1211-1214, 2000.

J. R. Disnar, B. Guillet, D. Ke´raviske´ravis, D. Giovanni, C. Sebag et al., Soil organic matter (SOM) characterization by Rock-Eval pyrolysis: scope and limitations, Organic Geochemistry, vol.34, issue.3, pp.327-343, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00239-5
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00069394

E. Espitalie´, J. Laporte, J. L. Madec, M. Marquis, F. Leplat et al., Me´thodeMe´thode rapide de caracte´risationcaracte´risation des roche-mè res, de leur potentiel pe´trolierpe´trolier et de leur degre´ddegre´d'e´volutione´volution, pp.23-42, 1977.

E. Espitalie´, J. Deroo, G. Marquis, and F. , La pyrolyse Rock-Eval et ses applications. 1 e` re partie, pp.563-579, 1985.

E. D. Golberg, Black Carbon in the Environment, 1985.

K. Kaiser and G. Guggenberger, The role of DOM sorption to mineral surfaces in the preservation of organic matter in soils, Organic Geochemistry, vol.31, issue.7-8, pp.711-725, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0146-6380(00)00046-2

I. Ko¨gelko¨gel-knabner, Biodegradation and humification: processes in forest soils, In: Soil Biochemistry J.M. Bollag & G. Stotzky), pp.101-135, 1993.

I. Ko¨gelko¨gel-knabner, Analytical approaches for characterizing soil organic matter, Organic Geochemistry, vol.31, issue.7-8, pp.609-625, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0146-6380(00)00042-5

E. Lafargue, F. Marquis, and D. Pillot, Rock-Eval 6 Applications in Hydrocarbon Exploration, Production, and Soil Contamination Studies, Revue de l'Institut Fran??ais du P??trole, vol.53, issue.4, pp.421-437, 1998.
DOI : 10.2516/ogst:1998036

P. Leinweber and H. R. Schulten, Advances in analytical pyrolysis of soil organic matter, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol.49, issue.1-2, pp.359-383, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-2370(98)00082-5

G. Lu¨nigerlu¨niger and L. Schwark, Characterisation of sedimentary matter by bulk and molecular geochemical proxies: an example from Oligocene Maar-Type Lake Enspel, Organic Geochemistry, vol.148, pp.277-288, 2002.

K. A. Magrini, R. J. Evans, C. M. Hoover, C. C. Elam, and M. F. Davis, Use of pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS) to characterize forest soil carbon: method and preliminary results, Environmental Pollution, vol.116, pp.255-268, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00257-3

H. Noeï, E. Garbolino, A. Brauer, E. Lalliervergè-s, J. L. De-beaulieu et al., Human impact and soil erosion during the last 5000 yrs as recorded in lacustrine sedimentary organic matter at Lac d'Annecy, the French Alps, Journal of Paleolimnology, vol.25, pp.229-244, 2001.

C. Rumpel, L. J. Janikb, J. O. Skjemstad, and I. Ko¨gelko¨gel-knabner, Quantification of carbon derived from lignite in soils using mid-infrared spectroscopy and partial least squares, Organic Geochemistry, vol.32, issue.6, pp.831-839, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00029-8

V. Salmon, S. Derenne, E. Lalliervergè-s, C. Largeau, and B. Beaudoin, Protection of organic matter by mineral matrix in a Cenomanian black shale, Organic Geochemistry, vol.31, issue.5, pp.463-474, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0146-6380(00)00013-9
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00115181

M. W. Schmidt and A. G. Noack, Black carbon in soils and sediments: Analysis, distribution, implications, and current challenges, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol.160, issue.3, pp.777-793, 2000.
DOI : 10.1029/1999GB001208

D. Sebag, Apports de lamatière organique pour la reconstitution des pale´oenvironnementsholocènes de la basse valle´e de la Seine. Fluctuations des conditions hydrologiques locales et environnements de de´po?t, 2002.

A. Sifeddine, F. Laggoun-de´fargede´farge, E. Lalliervergè-s, J. R. Disnar, D. Williamson et al., La se´dimentationse´dimentation organique lacustre en zone tropicale sud au cours des 36 000 der-niè res anneés, Comptes Rendus de l'Acade´mie des Sciences, pp.385-391, 1995.

B. Tissot and D. H. Welte, Petroleum Formation and Occurrence, 1984.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-96446-6

Y. Zegouagh, S. Derenne, M. F. Dignac, E. Baruiso, A. Mariotti et al., Demineralisation of a crop soil by mild hydrofluoric acid treatment, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol.71, issue.1, pp.119-135, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-2370(03)00059-7
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/bioemco-00145630